Effect of laboratory foamer on asphalt foaming characteristics and foamed mixture properties

In the United States, mechanical foaming is the most popular method for producing warm mix asphalt, which is the latest technology implemented to reduce the production temperature and/or enhance the compactability of asphalt mixtures. Three commonly used commercially available laboratory foamers to produce asphalt foams include the Wirtgen WLB 10S (Wirtgen foamer), the InstroTek Accufoamer (InstroTek foamer) and the Pavement Technology Inc. Foamer (PTI foamer). Though these foamers have been widely used in research studies and construction practice, it is still unknown whether they produce asphalt foams with the same quality and quantity. In this study, asphalt foaming characteristics produced by these three laboratory foamers were measured using a non-contact test set-up consisting of a laser device and a digital camera, and compared in terms of instantaneous volume expansion, foam stability and surface area evolution of foam bubbles. Additionally, the workability, coatability and mechanical performance of foamed mixtures prepared using these same laboratory foamers were compared against the conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA). Test results indicated that foamed asphalts produced by the Wirtgen foamer had the largest volume expansion and greatest foam stability, followed by those produced by the InstroTek foamer and the PTI foamer. The optimum foaming water content (W_opt) was determined for each laboratory foamer based on the workability and coatability results of the corresponding foamed mixtures. In addition, the performance evaluation of the foamed mixtures produced at W_opt values indicated equivalent mixture stiffness but greater moisture susceptibility as compared to the conventional HMA.     

Research on the influence of PV cell to thermal characteristics of photovoltaic/thermal solar system

In the paper, we analyzed internal thermal transmission characteristics of water‐heating photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar collector covered by photovoltaic (PV) cell, established photothermal conversion model of PV/T solar system, and analyzed the influence of PV cell coverage to photothermal characteristics of PV/T solar system. Results show that the thermal efficiency of PV/T solar system by optimizing PV cells coverage can reach 68%. In addition, by designing four water‐heating PV/T solar system prototypes with PV cell coverage of 0.4, 0.56, 0.7, and 0.82, respectively, we conducted experimental researches for the four prototypes and found that the four prototypes can achieve thermal efficiencies of 58%, 51%, 64%, and 67%, respectively, in heating 250 L of water to 50°C. The experiment results are consistent with theoretical analysis results, indicating that it is feasible to improve thermal characteristics of PV/T solar system by optimizing PV cell coverage. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生物阴极强化生物电化学系统降解2，4-二氯苯酚

研究了生物阴极对生物电化学系统(BES)还原降解2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-Dichlorophenol,简称2,4-DCP)的强化作用。结果表明,用不同浓度的2,4-DCP驯化阴极微生物可有效提高其降解率;在生物阴极体系中2,4-DCP降解趋势曲线速率常数为0.640,而非生物阴极体系仅为0.321;同时,生物阴极还可增强BES系统降解2,4-DCP时的循环伏安曲线、功率密度曲线和极化曲线等电化学特性,进而强化BES对2,4-DCP的还原降解效率。     

Regional characteristics and the decision to innovate in a developing country: A multilevel analysis of Ecuadorian firms

This is the first study that uses multilevel modelling to analyse regional influence on the decision to invest in innovation activities of firms in a single developing country, Ecuador. Our results indicate that the decision to invest in R&D and in other innovation activities are conditioned by the region in which the firm is located. Regional loan volume, orientation towards knowledge exploitation and intra-regional-sectorial R&D spillovers are positively associated with both types of innovation activities, while regional levels of co-operation and inter-regional R&D spillovers are only positively associated with the probability of investing in other innovation activities.     

Effects of high solid concentrations on the efficacy of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cells and the taste characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates

Effects of solid concentrations on enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cells and the taste characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates were examined. Results showed that increased solid concentrations ranging from 10% to 30% resulted in a mild increase in degree of hydrolysis (DH) of hydrolysates during the whole hydrolysis process, whereas an obvious inhibition effect on DH was found at hydrolysates with 40% of solid concentration. The levels of amino nitrogen and total nitrogen of supernatant with 40% of solid concentration were six‐fold higher than those of hydrolysates with 10% of solid concentration at all hydrolysis time. After 21 h of hydrolysis, there was no significant difference in molecular weight distributions of hydrolysates with different solid concentrations, while a significant increase in amino acid contents of hydrolysates with high solid concentrations was found. Results from sensory evaluation showed that the intensities of umami, mouthfulness and continuity in umami solution could be significantly improved by supplementing with the resulting hydrolysates with high solid concentrations.     

Identification and characterization of solids in sand-water two-phase flows via vibration multi-sensor approaches

The monitoring of tiny particles in multiphase pipe flow is widely encountered in industry. In this paper, the identification and characterization of solid particles suspended in sand-water flow were developed based on vibration multi-sensor approaches. Verification experiments were conducted, and good agreement was found between the concentrations (0–0.1 wt% with an interval of 0.02 wt%) of varisized sands (from 86 to 180 μm) and the monitored vibration signal characteristics by multi-sensor approaches. A quadratic relationship between the particle concentration and vibration energy was obtained. In sand-carrying flow measurement experiments, the sand’s characteristic frequency bands were found at 22–23.6 kHz and 24.8–26.6 kHz. Additionally, the sand particle identification effect was evaluated from two positions at bends, that is, the outer wall of the 45-degree bend on the elbow and the exit of the 90-degree bend. Compared with these two monitor positions, the sand vibration energy from the outlet of the elbow had a higher signal-to-noise ratio with obvious energy variations. In addition, the accuracies of the detected sand vibration features were mutual confirmation. Consequently, the above methods are applicable for little solid detection in sand-water flow, which lays the foundation for particles monitoring in the complexed multiphase flow.     

径向热管换热器的工艺特点及其应用

分别介绍了干熄焦系统中,轴向和径向热管换热器工艺特点、工艺流程、热交换原理,分析了轴向热管换热器的缺点、径向热管换热器的优点.宣钢干熄焦系统应用径向热管换热器后,能够满足工艺要求,日常生产中不需维护.     

Adsorption Characteristics of Trivalent Rare Earths and Chemical Stability of a Silica-Based Macroporous TODGA Adsorbent in HNO3 Solution

In order to separate trivalent minor actinides (Am and Cm) from high-level liquid waste generated in a nuclear fuel reprocessing process, a silica-based macroporous TODGA (N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide) adsorbent (TODGA/SiO₂-P) was prepared. In this study, the adsorption characteristics of some trivalent rare earths (Y, Nd, and Eu), whose separation behaviors were similar to those of the minor actinides from HNO₃ solution with the TODGA/SiO₂-P adsorbent, and the chemical stability of the adsorbent against the HNO₃ solution were evaluated experimentally. It was found that the adsorbent exhibited a quite strong adsorption especially for Y(III). The standard enthalpy change for the Y(III) adsorption was determined to be ?2.5kJ·mol^?1 using the van't Hoff equation, which indicates that the adsorption was an exothermic reaction. The results of chemical stability experiments showed that the adsorbent had relatively excellent properties in long-time contact with the HNO₃ solution.     

反舰导弹中波与长波红外成像制导优势对比研究

反舰导弹红外成像制导工作波段的选择是一项重要而又复杂的工作。首先对海面舰船目标的红外特性进行理论分析;然后选择中纬度夏、冬两个季节,白天海洋消光系数、自置气象视距气溶胶模式作为两个典型的大气模型,并利用光学大气传输计算软件ART2100计算典型大气模型条件下的红外传输透过率;最后结合理论分析和计算结果,对中波和长波红外制导优劣进行分析研究,得出工作波段选择的参考依据。     

Growth performance,carcass and meat quality of the Celta pig crossbred with Duroc and Landrance genotypes

The Celta pig is a native breed adapted to the north of Spain and extensive production system. The objective was to study the effects of sex and crossbreeding on carcass characteristics and meat quality. Samples were taken from longissimus dorsi muscle of 52 pigs of three different groups [Celta pure breed (C), Celta crossed with Landrace (C × L) and Celta crossed with Duroc (C × D)].