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101.
Recent technological advances have made it possible to support long lifetime and large volume streaming data transmissions
in sensor networks. A major challenge is to maximize the lifetime of battery-powered sensors to support such transmissions.
Battery, as the power provider of the sensors, therefore emerges as the key factor for achieving high performance in such
applications. Recent study in battery technology reveals that the behavior of battery discharging is more complex than we
used to think. Battery powered sensors might waste a huge amount of energy if we do not carefully schedule and budget their
discharging. In this paper we study the effect of battery behavior on routing for streaming data transmissions in wireless
sensor networks. We first give an on-line computable energy model to mathematically model battery discharge behavior. We show
that the model can capture and describe battery behavior accurately at low computational complexity and thus is suitable for
on-line battery capacity computation. Based on this battery model we then present a battery-aware routing (BAR) protocol to
schedule the routing in wireless sensor networks. The routing protocol is sensitive to the battery status of routing nodes
and avoids energy loss. We use the battery data from actual sensors to evaluate the performance of our protocol. The results
show that the battery-aware protocol proposed in this paper performs well and can save a significant amount of energy compared
to existing routing protocols for streaming data transmissions. Network lifetime is also prolonged with maximum data throughput.
As far as we know, this is the first work considering battery-awareness with an accurate analytical on-line computable battery
model in sensor network routing. We believe the battery model can be used to explore other energy efficient schemes for wireless
networks as well. 相似文献
102.
103.
一种新型智能光纤传感器的研制与应用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
光纤传感技术是一种新型的传感技术,目前已受到国内外广泛重视而得到高速发展。光纤液位变送器具有高精度、高可靠性,不受电磁干扰等优点,特别是在防爆要求非常高的油气集输领域,它的无电检测、光信号传输完全消除了不安全的因素,为易燃易爆场所提供了安全可靠的检测仪器。 相似文献
104.
105.
讨论了直流法在线测量钯氢化物电极电阻时的电化学效应,计算了电解液的共导、测量电流与电解电流引起的浓差电池效应以及电极作为集流体引起的电阻贡献。结果表明:当电极具有高的长度与半径比值、粗糙的表面、高的溶液电导以及大的电解电流时容易引起显著的附加电阻。 相似文献
106.
107.
A 320×240 CMOS image sensor is demonstrated,which is implemented by a standard 0.6 μm 2P2M CMOS process.For reducing the chip area,each 2×2-pixel block shares a sample/hold circuit,analog-to-digital converter and 1-b memory.The 2×2 pixel pitch has an area of 40 μm×40 μm and the fill factor is about 16%.While operating at a low frame rate,the sensor dissipates a very low power by power-management circuit making pixel-level comparators in an idle state.A digital correlated double sampling,which eliminates fixed pattern noise,improves SNR of the sensor, and multiple sampling operations make the sensor have a wide dynamic range. 相似文献
108.
ZnS, ZnSe, and CdTe polycrystals are experimentally investigated. Mechanisms are treated which restrict the thermal conductivity in samples prepared by recrystallization pressing and by deposition from the vapor phase and subjected to additional strain. Anomalies are observed on the temperature dependences of the thermal resistance of investigated samples, which are due to the special features of their phonon spectra and to the variation of the contribution made by longitudinal and transverse phonon branches to the heat transfer in the Debye temperature region and higher. 相似文献
109.
Modern methods of determining fracture resistance are analyzed. The necessity of developing a crucially new method based on edge chipping of a brittle material is shown. The results of experimental studies are presented. The applicability of the method to the comparative fracture resistance evaluation of ceramics is substantiated. 相似文献
110.
Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机在宝钢的典型应用与功能开发 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
热模拟试验可研究成分与各工艺参数对组织和性能的影响,用于指导产品设计和实际生产工艺的制定,还有助于建立数学模型。文章介绍了Gleeble 3800热/力模拟试验机在宝钢实际应用中的几个典型试验,包括高温热塑性试验、多道次变形试验、冷轧薄板相转变点试验和HAZ焊接热影响区热模拟试验等。这些试验可用来解决连铸、轧钢和冷轧产品热处理生产中存在的一些问题。 相似文献