The effects of horizontal load speed and lifting frequency on lifting technique and biomechanics

Lifting loads that have a horizontal velocity (e.g. lifting from a conveyor) is often seen in industry and it was hypothesised that the inertial characteristics of these loads may influence lifting technique and low back stress. Seventeen male participants were asked to perform lifting tasks under conditions of four horizontal load speeds (0 m/s, 0.7 m/s, 1.3 m/s and 2.4 m/s) and two lifting frequencies (10 and 20 lifts/min) while trunk motions and trunk muscle activation levels were monitored. Results revealed that increasing horizontal load speed from 0 m/s to 2.4 m/s resulted in an increase in peak sagittal angle (73° vs. 81°) but lower levels of peak sagittal plane angular acceleration (480°/s² vs. 4°/s²) and peak transverse plane angular acceleration (200°/s per s vs. 140°/s per s) and a consistent increase in trunk muscle co-activation. Participants used the inertia of the load to reduce the peak dynamics of the lifting motion at a cost of increased trunk flexion and higher muscle activity.

Statement of Relevance: Conveyors are ubiquitous in industry and understanding the effects of horizontal load speed on the lifting motions performed by workers lifting items from these conveyors may provide some insight into low back injury risk posed by these tasks.     

共振仪共振相位差测量系统设计

针对波尔共振仪的共振相位差测量,提出了同步跟随相位测量方法.设计了一套跟随振动系统摆盘的受控刻度盘系统,刻度盘以振动系统的摆盘的最大转速为转动速度,刻度盘上的任意一点在水平方向的投影与振动系统摆盘的摆动为等效的振动.完整的同步跟随相位测量系统由振动系统摆盘测量系统、受控刻度盘系统和驱动同轴盘测量系统组成.同步跟随刻度盘根据振动系统摆盘测量系统所采集的数据取代摆盘,并与驱动同轴盘同轴,当同步跟随的刻度盘与振动系统摆盘达到同步时,在共振发生时同步跟随的刻度盘和驱动同轴盘也几乎同步转动,所以驱动同轴盘零指针总指向同步跟随的刻度盘一个相位值,驱动同轴盘与刻度盘之间给出相位差.同步跟随相位测量方法将不受环境因素影响,便于在不同照明条件下布置多台实验仪器.     

基于全站仪组网测量系统的测量方法研究

全站仪测量系统是由一台计算机和数台全站仪组成的一种测量系统。可以完成在工业测量中的单点坐标的测量,特别是大尺寸结构件的测量。根据坐标拟合测量原理,使多台全站仪更精确地统一到同一用户坐标系下进行测量,消除大型结构件单站测量的盲点,提高测量精度,实现大型结构件的加工及装配的在线检测。     

Train-induced vibration on elevated railway station

Results of in-situ vibration measurement carried out at Tianjin West Elevated Railway Station which has the trains running on the station structure were reported. The main excitation source is the train passing through the station. Vibration measurements were recorded in the vertical direction of the supporting track beam, the platform and the steel truss beam of the waiting hall, as well as in the vertical, longitudinal and transverse directions of the roof arch base of the station. Acceleration time responses were obtained. The maximum value, vibration level and one-third octave band RMS spectra of the measured accelerations were studied. The propagation of vibration in different structural floors was discussed. The influence of train speed, distance to the vibration source and the type of train on the structural vibration were analyzed. Results show that the vibration level increases with the train speed, while it attenuates with the distance to the track. Furthermore, the vibration responses of different structural floors were compared, and it is noted that the vertical vibration of the bottom slab of the platform is most severe and the transverse vibration of the roof arch base is the smallest. The results provide reference on the vibration characteristics and vibration energy distribution of this type of ＂Train on building frame＂ system used as an elevated railway station.     

在运动参考系内如何正确测量时间膨胀

讨论并论证了如何正确测量时间膨胀的方法,指出了在相对于新以太运动的参考系内人们只能正确测量往返运动钟发生的时间膨胀,但却不能正确测量单向运动钟发生的时间膨胀,并以此解释了狭义相对论难以解释的一些现象,消除了人们在分析实验时所出现的多重标准.     

风力发电机组额定风速的选择研究

充分考虑了额定风速对额定功率、年发电量、风轮直径, 以及机组成本的影响, 建立了相应的数学模型, 为风力发电机组额定风速的选择提供了理论依据, 并通过某工程实例进行了计算分析.结果表明:按照本方法得出的最佳额定风速为11 m/s, 与传统的额定风速确定方法得出的12 m/s相比, 尽管叶片成本提高了36.93万元, 但是年发电量增加了707 MW, 大大增加了经济效益.     

孤岛油田聚合物后续水驱井下注水工艺

针对聚合物后续水驱井下注水工艺存在层窜、吐聚、吐砂严重以及地层压力测试成功率较低、分层注水方案难以实施、大部分主力油层不吸水、作业频繁、后续水驱效果不理想等问题,设计了后续水驱配套工艺,制定了新的作业施工方案,优化了分层测调方法。该技术在孤岛油田B19断块、东区注水示范区进行了试验和推广应用。结果表明,地层压力场重新分布,改善了吸水剖面,地层平均吸水率为105．5％,测试平均成功率达到92．2％,有效防止了关井后地层返吐造成的出砂现象,提高注水层段的合格率,平均达到70．15％,防止了因停注或压降造成的吐聚现象。     

长春市粉煤灰蒸压加气混凝土围护结构传热系数现场检测分析

本文分析了传热系数现场检测方法的原理及适用条件,用热流计法检测粉煤灰蒸压加气混凝土围护结构的传热系数,并将实测数据与设计值、理论计算值进行了分析与研究．     

高速率成形技术进展

高速率成形技术包括爆炸成形技术、液电成形技术和电磁成形技术。高速率成形技术成形力量大,成形时间短,成形装置简单,可在室温下对高强度难成形材料进行成形加工。综述了高速率成形技术的原理、特点和应用,重点就高速率成形目前的两项研究重点——成形效率和成形性能,分析了结合传统准静态液压预成形和高速率最终成形的混合成形加工工艺方面的研究进展,混合成形加工工艺有效提高了成形效率和成形性能,对高速率成形条件对材料成形性能的影响进行了归纳和讨论。     

Peirce机织物几何结构模型的探讨

织物几何结构就是纱线在织物内部的屈曲状态,它影响织物的外观效应和物理机械性能,必须精确计算.在被普遍使用的Peirce机织物几何结构模型中,暗含如下假设:1织物中经纬纱屈曲波高无论怎样变化,其和均等于经纬纱理论直径之和乘以压扁系数;2同一浮长覆盖下的纱线中心在同一水平面上,屈曲波高仅与织物密度和织造缩率有关.从两个方面对此进行验证,一是以经典教材多块织物样品为例,用Peirce公式计算结果评估自身的精确性;二是用Nedgraphics纹织系统设计同一经纬密度的各种结构的机织物,在电子提花机上织造后利用Keyence 3D共聚焦显微镜对织物正反面进行非破坏性测量,得到不同浮长织物的屈曲波高并进行分析.结果表明,Peirce机织物的几何结构模型存在不足,需进一步改进.