再论烹饪科学的归属问题

烹饪科学的归属问题已经讨论了数十年,近几年趋向于将烹饪科学归属于大食品科学体系中,但随着我国餐饮业的迅猛发展,餐饮科学体系日见端倪,因此有必要重新审视烹饪科学的归属问题.     

表面增强拉曼光谱方法在食品安全检测中的应用研究进展

近年来国内外频发的食品安全事件使得公众对食品安全问题的关注度不断提高,快速、灵敏、可靠的评估食品质量与安全的能力在食品行业中十分重要,因此开发满足食品安全需求的高性能检测技术势在必行。表面增强拉曼光谱（surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS）具有高特异性、高灵敏度、无损检测、可实现多重检测等优异性能,在食品安全检测领域得到广泛应用,并取得了令人瞩目的进展。本文介绍了SERS技术的理论基础,总结了增强SERS信号强度的活性基底,综述了基于SERS方法的食品安全检测应用研究进展,讨论了其未来发展趋势与前景,旨在为研究人员根据具体食品安全检测应用需求选择合适的SERS方法提供建议。     

Will consumers accept food irradiation?

Food irradiation technology has recently been developed and has already gained preliminary regulatory approval. This report discusses the potential of food irradiation and possible consumer reaction to its increased use.     

2012年美国自动扣留我出口食品情况分析

本文介绍了2012年美国"自动扣留"我国出口食品的情况,旨在帮助我国政府相关部门和企业全面、深入了解美国"自动扣留"制度,以采取针对性措施,推动我国食品输美更加便利、顺畅,扩大对美食品贸易。     

我国有机食品的现状及发展趋势

介绍了有机食品的特点及对人与自然和谐发展的作用,并概述了我国有机食品的发展现状及趋势.     

粮油食品中呕吐毒素危害及风险分析

该文分析呕吐毒素性质,在自然界和粮油食品中存在情况,及对人类和动物危害,并进行风险评估,同时提出预防呕吐毒素危害建议。     

Possible Role of GnIH as a Novel Link between Hyperphagia-Induced Obesity-Related Metabolic Derangements and Hypogonadism in Male Mice

Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a reproductive inhibitor and an endogenous orexigenic neuropeptide that may be involved in energy homeostasis and reproduction. However, whether GnIH is a molecular signal link of metabolism and the reproductive system, and thus, regulates reproductive activity as a function of the energy state, is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of GnIH in glycolipid metabolism and reproduction in vivo, and in the coupling between these two processes in the testis level. Our results showed that chronic intraperitoneal injection of GnIH into male mice not only increased food intake and altered meal microstructure but also significantly elevated body mass due to the increased mass of liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), despite the loss of testicular weight. Furthermore, chronic intraperitoneal administration of GnIH to male mice resulted in obesity-related glycolipid metabolic derangements, showing hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance through changes in the expression of glucose and lipid metabolism-related genes in the pancreas and eWAT, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of GnIH and GPR147 was markedly increased in the testis of mice under conditions of energy imbalance, such as fasting, acute hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. In addition, chronic GnIH injection markedly inhibited glucose and lipid metabolism of mice testis while significantly decreasing testosterone synthesis and sperm quality, inducing hypogonadism. These observations indicated that orexigenic GnIH triggers hyperphagia-induced obesity-related metabolic derangements and hypogonadism in male mice, suggesting that GnIH is an emerging candidate for coupling metabolism and fertility by involvement in obesity and metabolic disorder-induced reproductive dysfunction of the testes.     

确保粮食安全和环境可持续发展的水土资源利用

主要讨论灌溉农业所面临的挑战.随着人均可用水量的不断下降,灌溉农业必须提高水资源利用效率,同时进一步采用有利于环境的经营和管理方式.灌溉界面临的压力是如何通过提高作物产量和用水效率来实现生产率的最大化.今后的发展方向是以更加高效率、有成效的方式利用水资源,而实现从"提高每滴水的粮食产量"向"少用水,多产粮"的转变,则有助于该目标的实现.为了尽可能减小外在因素的影响,将来的努力方向是在全面性和整体性上下工夫.     

粮食作物对化肥的需求分析

根据相关文献资料,综述化肥在保障我国粮食安全中的作用与贡献,分析与预测实现2010年、2015年、2020年粮食总产目标所需新增化肥的数量。根据近5年来我国粮食生产中出现的问题,指出要保障我国粮食安全,除了继续发展化肥工业,增加化肥用量之外,国家应采取其他相应措施,包括稳定粮食作物的种植面积(至少应维持在11 000万hm2水平);调整粮食价格,保护农民种粮积极性;改善农田基本生产条件,推行节水灌溉技术,促进粮食均衡增产;适度提高粮食净进口份额等等。单纯依靠增加化肥的投入,实现国内粮食供需平衡,不仅代价太大(包括资源、环境和成本代价),市场和农民也不一定能够接受。