Reinforcement learning on explicitly specified time scales

In recent years hierarchical concepts of temporal abstraction have been integrated in the reinforcement learning framework to improve scalability. However, existing approaches are limited to domains where a decomposition into subtasks is known a priori. In this article we propose the concept of explicitly selecting time scale related abstract actions if no subgoal related abstract actions are available. This concept is realised with multi-step actions on different time scales that are combined in one single action set. We exploit the special structure of the action set in the MSA-Q-learning algorithm. This approach is suited for learning optimal policies in unstructured domains where a decomposition into subtasks is not known in advance or does not exist at all. By learning different explicitly specified time scales simultaneously, we achieve a considerable improvement of learning speed, which we demonstrate on several benchmark problems.     

基于电阻应变式传感器的电子天平的研制

本文介绍了电阻应变式传感器的工作原理,重点分析了电子天平的硬件电路结构和比例测量方法,并给出了系统的软件设计流程图,文章对提高系统精度所采取的措施进行了说明,最后给出了电子天平所达到的技术指标。     

A comparison of MMPI--2 measures of psychopathic deviance in a forensic setting.

We examined the convergent and discriminant validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2 (MMPI--2) measures of psychopathy, including the Clinical Scale 4, Restructured Clinical Scale 4 (RC4), Content Scale Antisocial Practices (ASP), and Personality Psychopathology Five Scale Disconstraint (DISC). Comparisons of the empirical correlates of these scales were conducted with 2 samples of participants evaluated at a criminal court clinic. The 2 samples included 59 men and 19 women and 913 men and 327 women, respectively. Two types of criteria (clinician ratings and archival record review) were utilized in the analyses. Relative to Clinical Scale 4, RC4 had significantly greater convergent validity in predicting psychopathy as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist--Screening Version (S. D. Hart, D. N. Cox, & R. D. Hare, 1995) and behavioral criteria associated with this construct. RC4 also showed substantially improved discriminant validity when compared with its Clinical Scale counterpart. Among all the MMPI-2 scales studied, RC4 was the best measure of the social deviance traits of psychopathy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predicting future reconviction in offenders with intellectual disabilities: The predictive efficacy of VRAG, PCL-SV, and the HCR-20.

Accurate predictions of future reconviction, including those for violent crimes, have been shown to be greatly aided by the use of formal risk assessment instruments. However, it is unclear as to whether these instruments would also be predictive in a sample of offenders with intellectual disabilities. In this study, the authors have shown that the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (V. L. Quinsey, G. T. Harris, M. E. Rice, & C. Cormier, 1998); the Psychopathy Checklist--Screening Version (S. D. Hart, D. N. Cox, & R. D. Hare, 1995); and the History, Clinical, Risk Management--20 (C. D. Webster, K. S. Douglas, D. Eaves, & S. D. Hart, 1997) were all significant predictors of violent and general reconviction in this sample, and in many cases, their efficacy was greater than in a control sample of mentally disordered offenders without an intellectual disability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

受机械力作用金属／陶瓷功能梯度板的超谐共振研究

研究机械力作用下金属／陶瓷功能梯度薄板3次超谐共振问题．按照功能梯度薄板的非线性动力学方程，得到金属／陶瓷功能梯度薄板受横向机械力作用的非线性振动方程。应用非线性振动的多尺度法得到系统3次超谐共振近似解并进行数值计算。分析阻尼、激励、几何尺寸等参数对系统3次超谐共振幅频响应曲线的影响．     

电子对抗装备规模优化的系统动力学仿真研究

装备规模优化系统是一个复杂的动态反馈系统，而系统动力学已经被证明是对动态反馈系统进行研究的一种有效方法。基于对系统动力学的认识和分析，建立起了电子对抗装备规模优化系统的系统动力学仿真模型，进行了仿真结果分析和政策分析，并提出了装备规模优化对策。     

A PRINCIPLE OF UNCERTAINTY AND INFORMATION INVARIANCE*

The paper introduces a new principle, referred to as the principle of uncertainty and information invariance, for making transformations between different mathematical theories by which situations under uncertainty can be characterized. This principle requires that the amount of uncertainty (and related information) be preserved under these transformations. The principle is developed in sufficient details for transformations between probability theory and possibility theory under interval, log-interval and ordinal scales. Its broader use is discussed only in general terms and illustrated by an example.     

AGGREGATION,EMERGENCE AND IMMERGENCE IN HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED SYSTEMS

Abstract

The aim of this work is to show that couplings between fast micro-dynamics and slow macro-dynamics can make emerge global properties. Emergence corresponds to a bottom-up coupling, that is to the effect exerted by a micro-level at a macro-level. Immergence corresponds to the inverse process, that is to an up-down coupling. As an example, we present a prey-predator model with different time scales in a heterogeneous environment. A fast time scale is associated to the migration process on spatial patches and a slow time scale is associated to growth and interactions between the populations. Preys go on spatial patches where resources are located and where predators can attack them. The efficiency of predators is patch-dependent. Perturbation theory is used in order to aggregate the initial system of ordinary differential equations for patch sub-populations into a macro-system of two differential equations governing total populations. First, we study a case of density-independent migrations, for which no emergence occurs. Then, we study some examples of density-dependent migrations. In this case, emerging properties appear at the population level.     

基于西门子PLC S7-200的液氯自动充装管理系统

利用PLC系统、称重控制仪表、电子平台秤等组成了液氯自动充装管理系统,介绍了PLC系统、称重控制仪表、电子平台秤及其他现场仪表的选型设计及液氯自动充装管理系统运行、使用情况.     

A demonstration of level-anchored ratio scaling for prediction of grip strength

Level-anchored ratio scaling, such as the Borg CR10 scale^® and the Borg CR100 scale^®, uses verbal anchors in congruence with numbers to give ratio data together with natural levels of intensity. This presupposes that the anchors possess natural positions in the subjective dynamic range and also “numerical” inter-relations. In an experiment, subjects had to produce a force of handgrip corresponding to their conception of “Strong”, followed by a “Maximal” performance. By using the previously found relationship between “Strong” and “Maximal” of 1:2 together with knowledge of the exponent in the power S-R-function (R = c × Sⁿ) for grip strength, n = 1.8, predictions of individual maximal performances were obtained. The predicted values correlated 0.76 with, and deviated only 3% (ns) from, actual maximal performances of grip strength. This result –as previously also found for aerobic capacity–gives a strong support for the use of verbal anchors, so common in category scaling, also in “ratio scaling” and that the Borg CR-scales fulfill the requirements for ratio scales. For estimation of muscular strength, such as grip strength, this present study points to the value of using submaximal determinations as a compliment to maximal performances (e.g., to obtain measures of functional capacity). The results also support the increasingly common use of the CR-methodology in other ergonomic settings concerning suitable design of tools and equipment.