谈酱油、食醋的感官鉴评

该文简要论述了影响酱油、食醋等发酵调味品感官鉴评的因素,感官鉴评的内容以及对感官鉴评者的要求。     

Use of Soy Protein and Microbial Transglutaminase as a Binder in Low-sodium Restructured Meats

ABSTRACT: Pork sticks were prepared by mixing pork chucks with various amounts of bisulfite-treated soy protein and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) to evaluate the potential of using soy protein as meat binders. According to tensile strength, the favorable conditions for binding the restructured pork chunks were 5% soy protein containing 0.2% NaHSO₃ and 20 unit MTGase/g, and the setting condition was 60 min at 40°C. The tensile strength and cooking yield of restructured pork sticks made with bisulfite-treated soy protein and MTGase were much higher than those of using salt, suggesting the high potential of using soy protein and MTGase as binders in products where NaCl reduction is desired.     

霉菌型豆豉和纳豆中异黄酮含量的比较研究

目的:比较纳豆和豆豉中异黄酮含量的组成变化。方法:利用超声波提取,采用高效液相色谱法测定,色谱柱填料为Hypersil ODS2(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇(A)-水(B)进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为255 nm。结果:豆豉与纳豆相比较,豆豉中大豆苷、黄豆黄苷、染料木苷、大豆甙元、黄豆黄素、染料木素的含量分别为11,未检出,25,320,65,380μg/g;纳豆中中大豆苷、黄豆黄苷、染料木苷、大豆甙元、黄豆黄素、染料木素的含量分别为330,73,410,12,3.3,28μg/g。结论:豆豉中甙元的含量高,纳豆中糖苷的含量高。     

食盐添加量对低盐虾酱品质特征的影响

以感官、化学和微生物为指标,研究不同食盐添加量对低盐虾酱品质特征的影响。设置四组不同的食盐添加量梯度(以原料虾质量为基准计):21%(对照)、18%、15%、12%,分别对产品的水分含量、水分活度、FAN、TVB-N、pH和细菌学指标进行测定,同时进行感官评价。结果表明:食盐添加量为15%和18%的样品的水分含量分别为(55.05±0.38)、(56.39±0.32)g/100g,水分活度分别为0.749±0.043、0.753±0.046,FAN值分别为(0.528±0.056)、(0.533±0.051)g/100g,TVB-N值分别为(17.8±0.42)、(19.3±0.46)mg/100g,细菌总数分别为(3.41±0.38)、(3.43±0.35)lg(CFU/g),产品间无明显差异,感官评价好。食盐添加量低至12%时,产品的水分含量、水分活度、TVB-N和细菌总数显著提高,感官评价明显降低;食盐添加量高达21%时,产品偏咸,FAN值降低,鲜味降低。食盐添加量对产品的pH影响不大;样品的大肠菌群数均<3.0MPN/g,均未检出致病菌。由此可见,食盐添加量为15%～18%的低盐虾酱利于风味物质的形成和较好的防腐作用,且保持高品质特征。     

Overcoming the Taste Stigma of Soy

ABSTRACT: Can labels unknowingly influence a person's taste perceptions? Using a “phantom ingredient” taste test, the presence or absence of a labeled ingredient (soy) was shown to influence sensory evaluations of a food. In particular, a nutrition bar wrongly purporting to contain soy generated negative ratings of taste, aftertaste, and attitude, yet generated favorable ratings of its nutritiousness. Because there was actually no soy in the product, these differences represent biases caused by ingredient labeling. Given the appropriate segment of consumers (health‐oriented), ingredient labeling may have more favorable consequences. This power of suggestion might also be expanded to other ingredients or processes, such as those involving biotechnology or organic production.     

大豆分离蛋白-瓜尔胶生物材料混合体系疏水性的研究

以大豆分离蛋白为原料,添加瓜尔胶多糖,通过共混改性制备生物材料溶液,探讨了混合体系在不同pH、不同蛋白、盐和瓜尔胶浓度条件下表面疏水值的变化。结果表明:瓜尔胶多糖加入到单组分大豆分离蛋白体系后,会使体系表面疏水值降低;未加盐时pH=8.0条件下,体系可溶性蛋白的表面疏水值最大,加入盐后pH=10.0时混合体系表面疏水值明显大于纯水条件;且pH=10.0条件下,当盐浓度小于0.1mol/L时,体系表面疏水值随盐浓度的增大而增大,反之减小。此研究为大豆分离蛋白-瓜尔胶生物材料的成膜机理解释奠定了理论基础。     

Microbiological and Sensorial Quality Assessment of Ready-to-Cook Seafood Products Packaged under Modified Atmosphere

ABSTRACT:  The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (30:40:30 O₂:CO₂:N₂ and 5:95 O₂:CO₂) on the quality of 4 ready-to-cook seafood products were studied. In particular, the investigation was carried out on hake fillets, yellow gurnard fillets, chub mackerel fillets, and entire eviscerated cuttlefish. Quality assessment was based on microbiological and sensorial indices determination. Both packaging gas mixtures contributed to a considerable slowing down of the microbial and sensorial quality loss of the investigated seafood products. Results showed that sensorial quality was the subindex that limited their shelf life. In fact, based primarily on microbiological results, samples under MAP remained acceptable up to the end of storage (that is, 14 d), regardless of fish specie. On the other hand, results from sensory analyses showed that chub mackerel fillets in MAP were acceptable up to the 6th storage d, whilst hake fillets, yellow gurnard fillets, and entire cuttlefish became unacceptable after 10 to 11 d. However, compared to control samples, an increase in the sensorial shelf life of MAP samples (ranging from about 95% to 250%) was always recorded.
Practical Application: Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an inexpensive and uncomplicated method of extending shelf life of packed seafood. It could gain great attention from the fish industrial sector due to the fact that MAP is a practical and economic technique, realizable by small technical expedients. Moreover, there is great attention from the food industry and retailers to react to the growing demand for convenience food, thus promoting an increase in the assortments of ready-to-cook seafood products.     

脱脂豆粕酶法生产大豆肽工艺条件的研究

采用酶法水解脱脂豆粕制备大豆肽,确定了蛋白的浸出温度,比较单双酶的水解效果.确定酶解最佳条件：中性酶、复合酶添加量分别为400,200 U（每克蛋白中）,酶解温度为55℃,pH值为7.5,时间为2h,大豆肽产率约为32%.     

膜分离技术在酱油过滤中的应用研究

本利用不同孔径无机膜和有机膜过滤设备，对酱油进行过滤试验，比较了几种常用过滤设备过滤速度，产量和生产成本等。结果表明：膜过滤虽然成本相对较高，但应用于酱油生产中是可行的，孔径为1．2μm的无机陶瓷膜过滤机较好。     

滚揉腌制方式对鸭肉腌制品质的影响

腌制是酱鸭生产中的关键工艺,文中以整鸭为原料,研究了常压滚揉腌制(APB)、真空滚揉腌制(VB)和间歇式真空滚揉腌制(PVB)对鸭肉盐分、水分、质量、游离氨基酸、肌红蛋白、色泽,剪切力和肌肉变性温度的影响。腌制过程中VB和PVB样品的水分含量、盐分含量、重量、游离氨基酸含量、剪切力和色度a*值和b*值显著高于APB样品(P<0.05),高铁肌红蛋白含量显著低于APB样品。VB和PVB处理样品除重量具有显著差异外,其他指标差异不显著。