透水覆盖层上土石坝渗流量观测设计方案综合评价方法

介绍我国建造在透水覆盖层上土石坝渗流量观测的现状;提出考虑技术、经济、效果、运行以及对环境影响等因素的渗流量观测设计方案的综合评价方法;实例分析表明该方法考虑因素比较全面,处理得当,易于操作,结论合理。     

无黏性土层之间渗流接触冲刷机理试验研究

判别无黏性成层土产生接触冲刷的准则及确定产生接触冲刷的水力比降是研究渗流控制措施的必备要素,为工程界所关注。根据对试验资料的整理与分析,阐明了无黏性成层土产生接触冲刷的几何条件和水力条件,同时建立了产生接触冲刷的临界水力比降与两土层特征粒径的函数关系,可以用来判别无黏性双层土之间是否会产生接触冲刷。如果判明会产生接触冲刷,可进一步计算出产生接触冲刷的水力比降,这对土工建筑物的渗流控制具有指导意义。     

新立城水库坝基防渗高压摆喷灌浆参数试验

新立城水库土坝坝基属于双层地基,即表层为粘性土层,下面为沙砾石层。坝基下砾质粗砂和细砾为强透水层,连续分布。因需要防渗的透水层不厚(仅2～5m),采用高压喷射灌浆封堵透水层。施工前选定与坝段同样地质条件的试验场,用实际施工的喷灌设备分不同方案进行原型试验,开挖后观察成墙效果,最后确定施工技术参数。     

铜场水库大坝施工期渗流及变形资料分析

通过对坝体0＋090桩号及0＋145桩号施工期沉降及渗流监测成果的分析,初步分析了铜场水库大坝施工期在孔隙压力水和上游水位的共同作用下,心墙内渗透水位上升和沉降量明显偏大的原因。监测成果表明：①坝体施工期沉降量偏大但沉降监测成果符合一般变化规律;②心墙碾压铺料层厚度较厚,层间结合部压实密度较低,心墙压实度较低的部位有少量水渗入;③0＋090与0＋145断面的倾度为0.001%～0.067%,说明心墙沉降比较均匀。     

水布垭大坝总渗流量突变成因分析

介绍了水布垭水电站大坝加密监测及巡视检查的情况,从监测资料、巡视检查的角度,对坝体总渗流量2012年4月发生突变的情况进行了综合分析,分析成果为水布垭水电站安全稳定运行提供了依据。     

Mechanism and control of water seepage of vertical feeding borehole for solid materials in backfilling coal mining

To solve the problem of water seepage of vertical feeding borehole for solid materials, we established the fluid-solid coupling dynamic model of groundwater flowing in rock mass adjacent to the vertical feeding borehole. Combining with the engineering geological conditions, we built a numeral model to study the influence rule of the aquifer hydraulic pressure and seepage location of feeding borehole on the amount of seepage with finite element numerical method. The results show that the nonlinear relationship is presented among the amount of seepage, the seepage location and aquifer hydraulic pressure. The higher the aquifer hydraulic pressure is, the closer the distance between seepage location and aquifer is, and the faster the harmful levels of aquifer will grow. In practice, we calculated the allowable seepage of feeding borehole by the optimum moisture content and natural moisture content of backfilling materials, and then determined the protection zone of feeding borehole, so the moisture content of backfilling materials can be controlled within the scope of optimum moisture content.     

地下水扰动作用下地基土体渗透破坏试验研究

为分析近年来中国西南地区频繁发生的"天坑"形成原因,从渗流破坏理论出发,通过自主设计循环变水压渗透试验装置模拟地下水扰动过程,研究了地下水扰动作用下地基土体的变形破坏机制。首先通过现场和室内试验获得土样的基本物理化学性质,排除由碳酸盐溶洞导致地表塌陷的可能性。在此基础上,为模拟地下水循环扰动对土体的渗透破坏作用,采用饱和土渗流理论,设计了1种变压型常水头渗透试验装置,通过自动循环地改变水头大小模拟地下水扰动对土体的破坏机制,分析实验前后土样级配组成、水头变化和土样变形破坏特性,试验表明土样在地下水扰动作用下细颗粒明显减少,土体级配结构发生改变,土体承载力降低并最终导致土体塌陷。变压型常水头渗透破坏试验研究表明,该方法较好地阐明了该地区"天坑"形成机制。     

Reservoir Operation Optimization: A Nonstructural Solution for Control of Seepage from Lar Reservoir in Iran

Abstract

In this paper, the results of utilizing a deterministic dynamic programming model for operation of Lar Reservoir in Iran are discussed. This reservoir has experienced extensive seepage from the start of its operation. The optimization model consists of a three-step cycle, which began with the optimization of reservoir operation for a given set of streamflows. The optimal policies are then analyzed in a regression procedure to obtain a set of operating rules. After the first run, operating rules from the previous run were placed as a new constraint on the water releases with some pre-assigned tolerance and the cycle continues. The model also consisted of mathematical functions for modeling the seepage from Lar Reservoir as a function of storage head in the reservoir. The loss function in the model was also modified in order to incorporate parameters that reduce the seepage. Results of different scenarios showed the significant effect of optimal policies on reduction of seepage and increasing the reliability of water supply to Tehran Metropolitan Area. A pumping station was also proposed to utilize the inactive part of the reservoir, in access of over 100 MCM, in order to reduce the seepage. The effectiveness of different pumping capacities to reduce the seepage was also investigated.     

拔贡水电站改扩建工程大坝安全监测设计

根据拔贡水电站工程的特点,重点布置了大坝变形监测、渗流等监测项目,监测布置方案合理,监测方法简单可靠,能够有效地反映枢纽主要建筑物的运行状态。     

利用油水渗流特征评价水驱特征曲线

建立4种常用水驱特征曲线所对应的含水率与含水饱和度的关系曲线方程,通过实例评价水驱特征曲线的适用性.