Casein glycomacropeptide pH-driven self-assembly and gelation upon heating

Casein glycomacropeptide (CMP) found in cheese whey is a C-terminal hydrophilic glycopeptide released from κ-casein by the action of chymosin during cheese making. In a previous work a self-assembly model for CMP at room temperature was proposed, involving a first step of hydrophobic assembly followed by a second step of electrostatic interactions which occurs below pH 4.5. The objective of the present work was to study, by dynamic light scattering (DLS), the effect of heating (35–85 °C) on the pH-driven CMP self-assembly and its impact on the dynamics of CMP gelation. The concentration of CMP was 3% w/w for DLS and 12% w/w for rheological measurements. The solutions at pH 4.5 and 6.5 did not show any change in the particle size distributions upon heating. In contrast the solutions at pH lower than 4.5 that showed electrostatic self-assembly at room temperature were affected by heating. The mean diameter of assembled CMP increased by decreasing pH. For all solutions with pH lower than 4.5, the particle size did not change on cooling, suggesting that the assembled CMP forms formed during heating were stable. The gel point determined as G′–G″ crossover, occurred in all systems at 70 °C, but at different times. The rate of self-assembly determined by DLS as well as the rate of gelation increased with increasing temperature and decreasing pH from 4 to 2. Increasing temperature and decreasing pH, the first step of CMP self-assembly by hydrophobic interactions is speed out. All the self-assembled structures and the gels formed at different temperatures were pH-reversible but did not revert to the initial size (monomer) but to associated forms that correspond mainly to CMP dimers.     

PMMA/SiO_2复合颗粒制备与表征

乳液聚合是对纳米颗粒改性的常用方法,但聚合效果不好且对改善纳米颗粒的分散作用不大。本实验引入硅烷自组装单分子层,采用无皂微乳液聚合法制备PMMA/SiO2复合颗粒。EDS、FTIR、TEM、LSS分析表明,纳米SiO2通过硅烷功能化,可以更有效地与MMA发生化学键合。复合颗粒在水中分散效果明显改善,不规则形状纳米SiO2通过组装而接近球形结构。复合颗粒具有很好的有机相容性和分散稳定性。     

特高压GIS现场安装用全封闭移动式厂房导轨基础设计与施工

1 000 kV气体绝缘金属封闭开关（gas insulated metal-enclosed switchgear,GIS）设备的安装是特 高压交流变电站工程施工过程中的关键工序。为保证1 000 kV GIS设备的安装条件,同时为施工人员提供舒适 的工作环境,国网交流公司积极组织研制了特高压GIS现场安装用全封闭移动式厂房,并在浙北—福州特高压交 流输变电工程中的3个新建变电站工程中全线推广。对移动厂房的总体情况进行了介绍,重点研究了移动厂房的 导轨基础设计,结合移动厂房在浙北—福州工程现场的实际应用情况,从厂房导轨基础形式的选择、设置位置 确定以及导轨基础对原有设备基础施工的影响等方面进行了介绍和分析。     

过渡金属的液晶基元配合物纳米胶束的自组装

以异烟酸和溴代十二烷为原料合成液晶基元异烟酸十二烷基酯,在水和无水乙醇混合反应体系中,室温下分别与Pd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)过渡金属按4∶1的摩尔比混合反应,通过自组装形成配合物。透射电镜形态观测表明,配合物之间借助超分子力和配体的液晶性协同作用构建成25～40nm左右的棒状形态的纳米胶束。并利用红外光谱,紫外可见吸收光谱,荧光光谱等手段对其结构和性质进行了表征。     

Co-酞菁和Cu-酞菁在Au(111)表面吸附行为的比较

利用扫描隧道显微术并结合理论计算研究了金属co-酞菁和cu-酞菁分子在Au（111）表面上的吸附行为的差异。结果显示,由于这两种分子与衬底电荷转移的差异,引起了分子间相互作用不同,使得两种分子在Au（111）表面表现出不同的吸附组装结构。分子一衬底相互作用与分子间库仑排斥作用两种机制的竞争是造成其组装结构差异的原因。     

静电层层自组装法整理多巴胺改性涤/棉混纺织物的阻燃性能

为了赋予涤/棉混纺织物良好的阻燃性能,以pH值为5、质量分数为1%壳聚糖溶液和pH值为2、质量分数为1.5%植酸钠溶液,通过静电层层自组装法,对经多巴胺改性后的涤/棉(65/35)混纺织物进行阻燃整理。其中正负离子交替沉积1次记为组装1层,第1层内每次组装15 min,第1层后各次组装时间为5 min,共组装15层。探讨了整理后织物极限氧指数(LOI)、炭长、热重、热释放速率、炭渣形貌等性能。结果表明:多巴胺改性可以提高涤/棉混纺织物的反应性,有利于阻燃整理;整理后织物阻燃性能显著提高,LOI值从未整理时的18.8%提高到28.7%;热分解温度比未整理织物大幅提前,炭渣含量较未整理提高了5.7%;整理后织物点燃时间延长,平均热释放速率(HRR)和峰值热释放速率(PHRR)分别为14.16 k W/m2和51.07 k W/m2,相较未整理涤/棉织物下降了84.62%和78.47%,织物燃烧危险性显著降低。     

Self-assembly of polyelectrolytic multilayer thin films of polyelectrolytes on quartz crystal microbalance for detecting low humidity

Low-humidity sensors were made by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSMA) or poly(styrenesulfonic acid) sodium salt (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) into multilayer thin films on a gold electrode of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The thin films were characterized by QCM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of maleic acid (MA) in PSSMA, the number of layers and the ionic strength on the low-humidity sensing properties (sensitivity) were compared with those of PSS. The sensitivity of the PSSMA/PAH multilayer thin film exceeded that of the PSS/PAH multilayer thin film when the multilayered thin films of polyelectrolytes were prepared from solutions without NaCl. The sensitivity of both PSSMA/PAH and PSS/PAH multilayered thin films was increased by increasing the number of layers and by adding salt to the deposition solution. The PSS/PAH multilayered thin film that was prepared from the solutions with NaCl had the highest sensitivity (1.923 −ΔHz/Δppm_v at 27.5 ppm_v) and a short response time. Spin-coating was also adopted to fabricate PSS-based low-humidity sensors for comparison.     

离子强度对乌鳢胶原蛋白短肽聚集结构及理化特性的作用

为了研究乌鳢胶原肽在6种不同离子强度诱导下聚集的结构与特性的变化规律,对聚集体变化过程中的内源荧光、浊度、微观结构、粒径、黏度及其二级结构进行测定。结果表明,在0～500 mM的Na Cl范围内,离子强度具有促进胶原蛋白肽自组装聚集的效果,且聚集速率随离子强度的增大而增加。在0～150 mM范围内,胶原蛋白肽聚集的三维网络紧密性增加,聚集体平均粒径增大74.42%,最大剪切黏度增加487.67%。当离子强度在150～500 mM范围时,胶原蛋白肽三维网络紧密性降低,聚集体平均粒径下降,最大剪切黏度降低21.39%。胶原蛋白肽聚集体的二级结构并没有随离子强度变化而发生明显变化。因此,适度的增大样品离子强度可促进胶原肽的自组装聚集,改善其凝胶的三维网络结构和理化特性,为胶原蛋白肽进一步应用于制备药物载体的研究提供参考。     

金属锌表面超疏水薄膜的耐蚀及摩擦学性能的表征

目的改善金属锌在海洋环境中的耐蚀及摩擦学性能。方法通过简单的化学刻蚀及自组装技术在金属锌表面制备超疏水薄膜,对薄膜的结构和润湿性进行了表征,研究了超疏水薄膜在模拟海水(3.5%Na Cl溶液)中的耐蚀性能和摩擦学性能。结果经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺水溶液刻蚀后,金属锌表面呈多尺度微纳的Zn O结构,Zn O结构经硬脂酸修饰后,表面呈现出超疏水特性,表面静态接触角达150°,滑动角小于5°。同时发现,在3.5%Na Cl水溶液中,金属锌表面超疏水薄膜具有优异的耐蚀性能,并能够显著降低摩擦和磨损。结论经简单的化学刻蚀及自组装技术可在锌表面构筑超疏水薄膜,薄膜在海洋环境下具有良好的耐蚀、减摩及耐磨性能。     

聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐在棉织物上的静电自组装及其抗菌性能

 将聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐(PHMB)和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)通过静电自组装构筑在棉纤维表面,赋予纤维抗菌性能。扫描电镜表明纤维的表面形态发生明显变化,组装后纤维表面粗糙,有沉积物质覆盖。Zeta电位和染色着色深度证实表面电位及K/S值随纤维表面沉积物质不同呈有规律的"层层交替振荡"现象,揭示了纤维表面层层静电自组装的构筑机制。组装后棉织物的抑菌率达到99.51%,显示出优异的抗菌性能,且组装整理后的棉织物耐水洗牢度较好。