带缺陷膨润土防水毯的渗透试验

分别以自来水和0.05 mol/L的CaCl2溶液作为渗滤溶液研究带缺陷膨润土防水毯(GCL)的渗透性能。试验结果表明:自来水渗滤时,GCL的渗透系数随着缺陷直径的增大而增大,缺陷直径达11 mm时缺陷不能完全愈合,致使渗透系数超过1×10-9m/s。CaCl2溶液渗滤时,随着离子交换作用的进行,渗透系数随孔隙体积流量的增大有增大的趋势;缺陷直径小于5 mm时GCL具有一定的自愈能力,但增至7mm时缺陷不能愈合,溶液和缺陷的共同作用使得GCL的防渗性能很差。     

Room temperature-responsive poly(vinyl hydroxyalkyl ether-alt-dialkyl maleate)-based vitrimers with dynamic boronic ester bonds

Dynamic B O bonds are often applied to fabricate reversible-cross-linking and reprocessable polymer networks due to their high thermodynamic stability and kinetic tunability. However, it is still difficult to tailor boronic ester polymers, which have both excellent mechanical and self-healing properties in the absence of external stimuli. To address the above challenge, a range of room-temperature self-healable vitrimers are prepared by the reactions of various poly(vinyl hydroxyalkyl ether-alt-dialkyl maleate) copolymers and 1,4-phenyldiboronic acid. The dynamic cross-linking networks offer the as-prepared vitrimers superior mechanical properties and thermostability. Because of the presence of dynamic boronic ester bonds, the networks also demonstrated self-healing (the tensile strength recovered to 83% after 3 days at room temperature) and reprocessing capabilities (no significant change in tensile strength after thrice process recycles). Moreover, the vitrimers have potential as promising damping materials with wide temperature windows around room temperature. For example, the vitrimer of poly(ethylene glycol monovinyl ether-alt-dibutyl maleate) and 1,4-phenyldiboronic acid demonstrates its tanδ_max 1.18, T_g = 6.2°C and effective damping temperature range is from −16.4 to 48.5°C.     

Improving the Corrosion Protection of Poly(phenylene methylene) Coatings by Side Chain Engineering: The Case of Methoxy-Substituted Copolymers

This work aims to improve the corrosion protection features of poly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) by sidechain engineering inserting methoxy units along the polymer backbone. The influence of side methoxy groups at different concentrations (4.6% mol/mol and 9% mol/mol) on the final polymer properties was investigated by structural and thermal characterization of the resulting copolymers: co-PPM 4.6% and co-PPM 9%, respectively. Then, coatings were processed by hot pressing the polymers powder on aluminum alloy AA2024 and corrosion protection properties were evaluated exposing samples to a 3.5% w/v NaCl aqueous solution. Anodic polarization tests evidenced the enhanced corrosion protection ability (i.e., lower current density) by increasing the percentage of the co-monomer. Coatings made with co-PPM 9% showed the best protection performance with respect to both PPM blend and PPM co-polymers reported so far. Electrochemical response of aluminum alloy coated with co-PPM 9% was monitored over time under two “artificially-aged” conditions, that are: (i) a pristine coating subjected to potentiostatic anodic polarization cycles, and (ii) an artificially damaged coating at resting condition. The first scenario points to accelerating the corrosion process, the second one models damage of the coating potentially occurring either due to natural deterioration or due to any accidental scratching of the polymer layer. In both cases, an intrinsic self-healing phenomenon was indirectly argued by the time evolution of the impedance and of the current density of the coated systems. The degree of restoring to the “factory conditions” by co-polymer coatings after self-healing events is eventually discussed.     

AI-Driven Wearable Mask-Inspired Self-Healing Sensor Array for Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensor arrays have garnered considerable attention due to their potential to provide real-time information for monitoring pollution levels and personal health associated concerning VOCs in the ambient environment. Here, an AI-driven wearable mask-inspired self-healing sensor array (MISSA), created using a simplified single-step stacking technique for detecting and identifying VOCs is presented. This wearable MISSA comprises three vertically placed breathable self-healing gas sensors (BSGS) with linear response behavior, consistent repeatability, and reliable self-healing abilities. For wearable and portable monitoring, the MISSA is combined with a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) to produce a mobile-compatible wireless system. Due to the distinct layers of MISSA, it creates exclusive code bars for four distinct VOCs over three concentration levels. This grants precise gas identification and concentration prognoses with excellent accuracy of 99.77% and 98.3%, respectively. The combination of MISSA with artificial intelligence (AI) suggests its potential as a successful wearable device for long-term daily VOC monitoring and assessment for personal health monitoring scenarios.     

碳点在金属腐蚀防护领域的研究进展

综述了碳点的合成路径、改性方法及其在腐蚀防护领域的应用,重点阐述了碳点作为缓蚀剂及其在自修复、自预警等智能防腐涂层方向应用的国内外最新研究进展。首先,分析和探讨了杂原子掺杂型、有机分子修饰型以及生物质衍生型碳点缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理、优势及不足。其次,介绍了基于碳点的本征和外援自修复涂层、腐蚀预警涂层的设计思路及自修复、自预警机制。最后,提出了碳点在缓蚀剂和智能防腐涂层中应用所存在的问题,并对其未来发展前景进行了讨论。未来应秉持绿色、高效理念,进一步优化碳点的制备工艺,深入研究其在缓蚀、涂层自修复及腐蚀预警中的关键作用,以期早日实现工业应用。     

Facile preparation of low swelling,high strength,self-healing and pH-responsive hydrogels based on the triple-network structure

A polyacrylic acid(PAA)/gelatin(Gela)/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel was prepared by copolymerization,cooling,and freezing/thawing methods.This triplenetwork(TN)structure hydrogel displayed superior mechanical properties,low swelling ratio and self-healing properties,The superior mechanical properties are attributed to the triple helix association of Gela and PVA crystallites by reversible hydrogen bonding.The characterization results indicated that the fracture stress and the strain were 808 kPa and 370% respectively,while the compression strength could reach 4443 kPa and the compressive modulus was up to 39 MPa under the deformation of 90%.The hydrogen bonding in PVA contributed to maintain and improve the self-healing ability of hydrogels.Every type of hydrogels exhibited a higher swelling ratio under alkaline conditions,and the swelling ratios of PAA,PAA/PVA and PAA/Gela hydrogels were 27.71,12.30 and 9.09,respectively.The PAA/Gela/PVA TN hydrogel showed the lowest swelling ratio(6.57)among these hydrogels.These results indicate that the novel TN hydrogels possess good environmental adaptability and have potential applications in the biomedical engineering and sensor field.     

纺织复合材料在石油工业上的应用

叙述纺织复合材料在石油工业上的应用进展,重点介绍了三方面内容:纺织复合材料对损坏油气井套管的内衬修复应用、智能自修复纺织复合材料在油田地面工程设施或海上平台上的应用、纺织复合材料在油田设备部件上的应用。     

坚强智能电网发展技术的研究

针对目前电力运行环境的日趋复杂、电力体制改革的不断前进、电力市场的逐步行成、现有的电力设备亟待更新、能源利用率低、电能质量差、用户与电网公司交互作用少等诸多问题,讨论了适合中国电网情况的智能电网的定义,总结出了智能电网自愈、互动、优化、兼容、集成五大特点,概括出了智能电网和传统电网的区别,并详细介绍了构成智能电网的四大体系和建立智能电网的两大基础,最后总结出智能电网是经济和技术发展的必然结果,我国应加快智能电网的研究发展。     

基于JADE平台的智能配电网自愈系统设计

智能配电网包括高级配电自动化网络、分布式能源和新型电力电子装置等,而拥有故障自愈系统的配电网是高级配电自动化的重要硬软件基础。为响应分布式能源的不确定性和地域分布性,进而实现智能配电网的自愈控制,在经典代理模型基础上,提出并建立基于多代理系统（MAS）的分层控制结构、自愈控制策略和节点评估法。最后结合BDI“意图”模型和代理开发平台（JADE）与Matlab-Simulink平台,模拟33节点系统接地故障时不同级代理间以及同级代理间的通信过程和动作过程,并自动实现了失电区域的供电恢复,验证了自愈系统的有效性。     

自愈组密钥分配在电动汽车通过VANET参与V2G中的应用

随着电动汽车的迅速发展,电动汽车通过结合车辆自组织网络(VANET)参与V2G(Vehicle-to-Grid)成为智能交通系统的一部分,在资源受限的VANET网络中,为了保证用户通信安全,需要给用户分发组密钥,通过自愈组密钥分发(Self-healing Group Key Distribution,SGKD)方案,解决在不可靠的VANET网络上分发和更新用于安全组通信的组密钥问题。文中采用一种基于指数算法的SGKD方案(E-SGKD),通过引入唯一会话标识符,解决了已撤销用户与新加入用户之间的共谋攻击问题。利用单向哈希链构造个人秘钥、撤销多项式和密钥更新广播数据包,因此,方案增加了最大允许撤销用户数,减少了密钥更新广播数据包的冗余。通过分析对比证明,此方案具有安全性全面、存储开销和通信开销最优等特点,并适用于资源受限的VANET网络环境。