Oxidative flavour deterioration of fish oil enriched milk

The oxidative deterioration of milk emulsions supplemented with 1.5 wt‐% fish oil was investigated by sensory evaluation and by determining the peroxide value and volatile oxidation products after cold storage. Two types of milk emulsions were produced, one with a highly unsaturated tuna oil (38 wt‐% of n‐3 fatty acids) and one with cod liver oil (26 wt‐% of n‐3 fatty acids). The effect of added calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on oxidation was also investigated. Emulsions based on cod liver oil with a slightly elevated peroxide value (1.5 meq/kg) oxidised significantly faster than the tuna oil emulsions, having a lower initial peroxide value (0.1 meq/kg). In the tuna oil emulsions the fishy off‐flavour could not be detected throughout the storage period. Addition of 5—50 ppm EDTA significantly reduced the development of volatile oxidation products in the cod liver oil emulsions, indicating that metal chelation with EDTA could inhibit the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides in these emulsions. This study showed that an oxidatively stable milk emulsion containing highly polyunsaturated tuna fish oil could be prepared without significant fishy off‐flavour development upon storage, provided that the initial peroxide value was sufficiently low.     

Analysis of the Insect OS-D-Like Gene Family

Insect OS-D-like proteins, also known as chemosensory (CSP) or sensory appendage proteins (SAP), are broadly expressed in various insect tissues, where they are thought to bind short to medium chain length fatty acids and their derivatives. Although their specific function remains uncertain, OS-D-like members have been isolated from sensory organs (including the sensillum lymph in some cases), and a role in olfaction similar to that of the insect odorant binding proteins (OBP) has been suggested for some. We have identified 15 new OS-D-like sequences: four from cDNA clones described herein and 11 from sequence databases. The os-d-like genes from the Anopheles gambiae, Apis mellifera, Drosophila melanogaster, and Drosophila pseudoobscura genomes typically have single, small introns with a conserved splice site. Together with all family members entered on GenBank, a total of 70 OS-D-like proteins, representing the insect orders Diptera, Dictyoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Phasmatodea, were analyzed. A neighbor joining distance phenogram identified several protein similarity classes that were characterized by highly conserved sequence motifs, including (A) N-terminal YTTKYDN(V/I)(N/D)(L/V)DEIL, (B) central DGKELKXX(I/L)PDAL, and (C) C-terminal KYDP. In contrast, three similarity classes were characterized by their diversion from these conserved motifs. The functional importance of conserved amino acid residues is discussed in relation to the crystal and NMR structures of MbraCSPA6.     

Efficacy of tertiary butylhydroquinone on the storage and heat stability of liquid canola shortening

The sensory (odor and flavor) and physicochemical characteristics of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) treated and butylated hydroxyanisole/toluene (BHA/BHT) treated liquid canola shortenings, subjected to accelerated storage (Schaal oven test at 65°C) and deep fat heating (at 185°C), were determined. Data for the Schaal oven test indicate that TBHQ was effective in retarding oxidative rancidity in liquid canola shortenings. However, addition of the commonly used mixture of BHA/BHT to canola shortenings resulted in only a slight decrease in oxidation during schaal oven storage. The results obtained from deep fat heating of canola liquid shortening show that neither TBHQ nor BHA/BHT was effective in enhancing oxidative and thermal stability of this product.     

溶剂处理对烟梗梗丝内在质量的影响

为比较溶剂处理梗丝和常规工艺生产的梗丝的差别,采用溶剂处理烟梗梗条后在烟梗制丝线上制备梗丝,研究溶剂处理对梗丝内在质量的影响.通过仪器分析与感官质量对比,结果表明:与传统制备工艺相比,溶剂处理对烟梗的持水性、耐加工性和梗丝结构的影响较小,梗丝的填充值增加11.4%;其主要化学成分及致香成分含量有较大变化,对梗丝内在质量有一定程度的改善.     

美拉德反应制备鲍鱼脏器肽呈味基料及其抗氧化活性研究

采用美拉德反应处理皱纹盘鲍脏器肽制备呈味基料,并通过感官评定实验及体外抗氧化实验评价了美拉德反应处理对鲍鱼脏器肽风味及抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明,鲍鱼脏器肽经美拉德反应处理后,鲜味增加,腥、苦等不良口味下降,总体风味得到显著提升.与反应前相比,美拉德反应产物的DPPH自由基清除活性增强百倍,而羟自由基清除活性及还原活性...     

燕麦茶饮料制作工艺研究

为优化燕麦茶饮料的制作工艺,以燕麦茶饮料中的可溶性固形物质量分数和感官评价为指标,以炒制时间、炒制温度、浸提比例为因素,采用Box-Behnken试验设计进行响应面试验,得到燕麦茶饮料制作最佳工艺条件:炒制温度为175.41℃,炒制时间为9.39 min,浸提比例为1∶10.73.此时的燕麦茶饮料口感最好,性质最稳定.     

感知神经网络的信息传输及电路实现研究

为提高神经元网络信号的传输效率,改善人们对外界刺激的感知能力,本文采用平均互信息量的评价方法,研究了费茨休夫-南云感知神经元模型中信息传输的随机共振现象,探讨了并联单层神经元网络和双层神经元网络的信息处理功能,并用PSpice电路对神经元网络的信息传输进行了实验验证。数值模拟与电路仿真结果表明,FHN神经元并联模型和双层神经元网络具有随机共振现象,在一定的噪声强度范围内,双层神经元网络对输入信号的响应好于单层神经元网络,噪声能够提高神经元网络的输入输出互信息量,平均互信息量的最大值对应最优的传输性能,证明噪声对神经网络信息传输具有增强作用。该研究对感知神经元群体的信息传输具有重要的启示意义。     

锅包肉的烹饪工艺及其影响因素研究

通过感官评价研究锅包肉烹饪工艺条件对其感官品质的影响,同时利用正交试验对糖醋汁配比工艺参数进行优化研究。结果表明:选择里脊肉作为锅包肉原材料最优,锅包肉选用玉米淀粉挂糊最佳,锅包肉糖醋汁最优配比为番茄沙司含量为20%、蔗糖含量为35%、白醋含量为45%、食盐含量为1%。     

Abdominal sensory equipment involved in external host discrimination in a solitary parasitoid wasp

Already parasitized hosts are often of poorer quality than healthy hosts. It is therefore usually advantageous for parasitoid females to recognize and reject them. Parasitized hosts can be identified on the basis of various physical or chemical marks present on the surface or inside the hosts or their surroundings in the case of concealed host. Here we studied host discrimination behaviors of females of a certain population of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae, a solitary ectoparasitoid, which are known to reject large-sized parasitized hosts after an abdominal examination of their surface. We first investigated females' recognition behaviors of host parasitism status when confronted to small-sized hosts (Drosophila melanogaster pupae) as host size may influence the use of different cues for host selection. We showed that, in such a situation, females also discriminate parasitized hosts after an external host exploration with the tip of their ovipositor sheath (third valvulae). We then described the sense organs present on the different parts of the ovipositor by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis. As the extremity of the third valvulae bears only one type of sensilla that appears to be chemoreceptors, we considered these sensilla as highly likely to be involved in host discrimination in P. vindemmiae. To our knowledge, this is the first time that receptors located on the ovipositor sheath are described as implicated in host discrimination in parasitoid wasps. We discuss potential chemical markers that might be detected by these receptors.     

具有感觉适应功能蚁群算法的机器人路径规划

用传统蚁群算法进行机器人路径规划具有收敛速度慢,容易陷入局部最优等缺点。为此,通过模拟蚂蚁的感觉特征,提出了一种具有感觉适应功能的蚁群算法,并应用到机器人路径规划中。算法设置蚂蚁的感觉能力随着在高强度信息素节点上的行走而降低,在快速收敛的同时保证搜索多样性。大量仿真实验表明,该算法有较强的搜索能力,不易陷入局部最优,即使在障碍非常复杂的环境下使用该算法,也能快速收敛到一条全局优化路径。