舟山市液化天然气用户价格探讨

以舟山市为例,分析了液化天然气的用户价格的承受范围,估算了经济运输规模、LNG用户价格,表明LNG槽车运输具有良好的经济性。     

Molecular‐Level Design of Hierarchically Porous Carbons Codoped with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Capable of In Situ Self‐Activation for Sustainable Energy Systems

Hierarchically porous carbons are attracting tremendous attention in sustainable energy systems, such as lithium ion battery (LIB) and fuel cell, due to their excellent transport properties that arise from the high surface area and rich porosity. The state‐of‐the‐art approaches for synthesizing hierarchically porous carbons normally require chemical‐ and/or template‐assisted activation techniques, which is complicate, time consuming, and not feasible for large scale production. Here, a molecular‐level design principle toward large‐scale synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus codoped hierarchically porous carbon (NPHPC) through an in situ self‐activation process is proposed. The material is fabricated based on the direct pyrolysis of a well‐designed polymer, melamine polyphosphate, which is capable of in situ self‐activation to generate large specific surface area (1479 m² g^?1) and hierarchical pores in the final NPHPC. As an anode material for LIB, NPHPC delivers a high reversible capacity of 1073 mAh g^?1 and an excellent cyclic stability for 300 cycles with negligible capacity decay. The peculiar structural properties and synergistic effect of N and P codopants also enable NPHPC a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction, a key cathodic reaction process of many energy conversion devices (for example, fuel cells and metal air batteries). Electrochemical measurements show NPHPC a comparable electrocatalytic performance to commercial Pt/C catalyst (onset potential of 0.88 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode in alkaline medium) with excellent stability (89.8% retention after 20 000 s continuous operation) and superior methanol tolerance.     

基于QFD和AHP法的适老浴室柜设计研究

目的 设计出符合老年人实际使用需求的浴室柜产品,更好地帮助他们完成日常起居的生活。方法 以质量功能展开(QFD)理论和层次分析法(AHP)作为理论支撑,构建适老浴室柜质量屋(HOQ)设计理论模型,并以此为依据对适老浴室柜进行设计实践。首先通过实地访谈和观察法等方式,获取老年人的行为状况和需求信息,利用KJ法对需求进行聚类和精炼,得到用户需求层次化结构;然后运用AHP法计算出各层需求的权重值;最后利用HOQ理论将用户各项需求转化为适老浴室柜设计特征。结果 依据设计特征得到一款最为符合老年人需求的适老浴室柜设计方案。结论 该方法能够挖掘出用户最为迫切的需求,使设计出的产品更为科学与合理,更好地帮助老年人应对衰老所带来的困扰,同时对同类产品的设计研究也具有重要的参考意义。     

环保型金属清洗剂的研制及其清洗效果

研制环保型水基金属清洗剂是水基清洗剂的发展方向。为此,选择了几种具有高效生物降解性的表面活性剂,并将其复配,采用表面张力测定及称重法考察了单一型及复配型体系对金属清洗的效果及效率。结果显示：清洗剂配方为m[APGC8-10（烷基糖苷）]：m[AEO-9（C12脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚）]=1：1,浓度为3g／L,以Na2CO3...     

基于B-W矩阵的老龄虚拟助手情感化设计研究

目的 为探究老龄虚拟助手情感化设计,采用B-W矩阵对老龄虚拟助手开展设计研究,以提升老年人居家养老情感陪伴的幸福感。方法 首先,通过对相关老龄人群进行访谈以得到31项设计要素,经偏态分析、T检验、同质性检验等方法对得到的设计要素进行验证。通过因子分析得到5类主因子,分别为外观、交互、情感、声音、场景因子。其次,通过B-W矩阵构建以进行设计要素归类,利用TOPSIS进行进一步的权重修正,按照Kano属性的剔除规则,得到29项针对老年人群的虚拟助手设计要素及其权重排序,推理得到老龄虚拟助手的设计策略。最后,根据设计策略对虚拟助手陪伴APP开展案例实践和评估,验证了老龄虚拟助手设计策略的可行性。结论 研究结果为我国老龄虚拟助手设计提供了相关建议,可为相关虚拟助手设计领域提供参考。     

基于弹性体振动模型的弛张筛动力学参数研究

借助于软件Excel的数据计算和绘图技术,对其动力学参数进行了系统的分析,并和实验数据进行了比较,得出该模型不仅能更深入地揭示弛张筛特有的动力学行为,而且为进一步提高弛张筛的设计和应用水平提供了理论依据。     

计量型原子力显微镜

本文报导国际上研制的第一台在纳米测量中，在中等测量范围内，具有微型光纤传导激光干涉三维测量系统、可自校准和进行绝对测量的计量型原子力显微镜。它的诞生，可使目前用于纳米技术研究的扫描隧道显微镜定量化，并将其所测量的纳米量值直接与米定义相衔接。使人们更加准确地了解纳米范围内的各种物理现象，并对它们进行更精确的分析。文章对计量型原子力显微镜进行了理论分析，提出了对各种测量误差的抑制及其补偿方法，并进行了大量的实验，得到良好的结果。目前，该计量型原子力显微镜在其测量范围内，任意两点间距离的测量不确定度为Ｕ９５＝５ｎｍ＋２×１０－４ｌ；在ｚ－轴上的测量不确定度为Ｕ９５＝（１．１～１．２ｎｍ）＋２×１０－４ｈ。     

蜂窝纸板在长虹家电产品包装上的应用研究

本文介绍蜂窝纸板替代木质托盘及EPS发泡塑料缓冲衬垫。在长虹家用电器产品包装上的应用研究和设计方案，为蜂窝纸板在家用电器产品包装领域中的推广应用提供了一种比较好的思路。     

Electrocatalysts Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in Aqueous Media

Electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries have been extensively studied in recent decades for their excellent conversion efficiency, high energy capacity, and low environmental impact. However, sluggish kinetics of the oxygen‐related reactions at air cathodes, i.e., oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are still worth improving. Noble metals such as platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru) and their oxides are considered as the benchmark ORR and OER electrocatalysts, but they are expensive and prone to be poisoned due to the fuel crossover effect, and may suffer from agglomeration and leaching after long‐term usage. To mitigate these limits, it is highly desirable to design alternative ORR/OER electrocatalysts with prominent performance. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials consisting metal ions/clusters coordinated by organic ligands. Their crystalline structure, tunable pore size and high surface area afford them wide opportunities as catalytic materials. This Review covers MOF‐derived ORR/OER catalysts in electrochemical energy conversion, with a focus on the different strategies of material design and preparation, such as composition control and nanostructure fabrication, to improve the activity and durability of MOF‐derived electrocatalysts.