非爆破柔性气缸弹射器研究

研究一种基于压缩气体静音发射的柔性气缸弹射器,实现了在约束且不爆破的情况下对弹射物变距离做功。通过弹射理论分析、仿真计算和实验验证相结合的方法,对柔性气缸弹射器动力学特性进行研究。结果表明：柔性气缸折叠压缩、充气展开弹射能实现对弹射物的发射,弹射过程无爆破现象;弹射器弹射能力受到柔性气缸初始长度、柔性气缸与弹射物的接触面积、柔性气缸压力等因素的影响。在对不同初始长度柔性气缸的弹射能力的研究中发现：柔性气缸初始长度越长、折叠量越大,柔性气缸展开弹射的作用距离就越大,弹射能力也就越强;通过4个1 000 mm×2 000 mm 规格的柔性气缸组在2 MPa压力作用下弹射质量60 t弹射物可产生4.6 MJ能量,可实现对大质量物体的弹射。该研究成果对实现高压气体可控能量释放与大质量弹射技术研究具有参考意义。     

Manipulation of Conductive Domain Walls in Confined Ferroelectric Nanoislands

Conductive ferroelectric domain walls—ultranarrow configurable conduction paths—have been considered as essential building blocks for future programmable domain wall electronics. For applications in high‐density devices, it is imperative to explore the conductive domain walls in small confined systems, while earlier investigations have hitherto focused on thin films or bulk single. Here, an observation and manipulation of conductive domain walls confined within small BiFeO₃ nanoislands aligned in high‐density arrays are demonstrated. Using conductive atomic force microscopy, various types of conductive domain walls, including the head‐to‐head charged domain walls (CDWs), zigzag domain walls, and typical 71° head‐to‐tail neutral domain walls (NDWs), are distinctly visualized. The CDWs exhibit remarkably enhanced metallic conductivity with current of ≈nA order in magnitude and 10⁴ times larger than that inside domains (0.01–0.1 pA), while the semiconducting NDWs allow much smaller current (≈10 pA) than the CDWs. The substantial difference in conductivity for dissimilar walls enables manipulations of various wall conduction states for individual addressable nanoislands via electrical tuning of domain structures. A controllable writing of four distinctive states in individual nanoislands can be achieved, showing application potentials for developing multilevel high‐density memories.     

MEMS圆片级封装用Cu-Sn低温键合机理与工艺研究

研究了利用低温等温凝固技术实现Cu-Sn键合在MEMS圆片级封装中的应用.基于Cu-Sn二元平衡相图,对键合层结构进行了设计,同时设计了用于测试的键合图形,并对设计的键合结构进行了流片实验.通过对圆片制作及键合等工艺的一系列优化,在250℃的低温条件下生成了熔点为415℃的金属间化合物,获得了良好的键合层.得到的键合样品剪切力强度值达到了GJB548B-2005标准的要求.研究表明,Cu-Sn等温凝固键合技术具有实际应用的潜力.     

镍基超合金的Nd-YAG激光熔敷涂层行为研究

对ЖС6y、К24、К17三种镍基超合金的几种材料的Nd—YAG激光熔敷涂层行为进行了试验研究,并与三种超合金激光重熔行为进行了对比。研究表明,三种镍基超合金的重熔性都很差,热裂纹敏感性高,重熔区出现很多凝固裂纹。几种粉末涂层行为不尽相同,但对超合金基材的裂纹敏感性都有程度不同的改善,大大减少甚至抑制了基村上裂纹的产生,并在其与基材的界面处形成一白亮的熔合区,达到冶金结合。采用某几种钴基合金和镍基合金粉末,可在某种超合金基材上获得高质量无裂纹涂层。     

Design aspects of satellite–cellular hybrid wireless systems

In this paper we investigate various issues related to the design of satellite–cellular hybrid systems. First, we review the fundamental problems of channel partitioning and call admission/assignment. Second, we study the impact of different frequency reuse constraints, in both layers, on the optimum channel partitioning. Third, we investigate, analytically and via simulation, the effect of reducing the cell size. We emphasize the blocking‐forced termination probabilities trade‐off for pure cellular and satellite–cellular hybrid systems. Accordingly, an optimization problem with respect to the cell size is formulated. Finally, we search for the optimum dynamic call re‐assignment policy that improves the system capacity at the expense of the complexity associated with tearing down a connection in one system and setting‐up an alternative one in the other system. For a small hybrid system, we characterized the optimum re‐assignment policies that minimize the blocking probability, dropping probability, and a weighted cost function of these probabilities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

探讨单侧下回风局部百级洁净区的影响因素

本文运用CFD技术以疫苗车间接毒无菌室为例,探讨了干扰采用FFU单侧下回风形式的局部百级洁净区流场的各种因素和影响程度,这对类似局部百级洁净区的优化设计具有较重要的理论意义与工程应用价值。     

Effect of temperature on the cell wall composition of raisins during storage under a modified atmosphere

 Raisins obtained from seedless grapes ("Flame" variety) were kept under a modified atmosphere (MA) composed of CO₂ (60%) and N₂ (40%), and stored at 10  °C (10MA), 20  °C (20MA), 30  °C (30MA) and 40  °C (40MA). An additional sample was stored under air at 20  °C (20A). Colour, and changes in cell wall components were monitored during storage. At the end of the storage period, the 40MA and 20A samples showed a significant decrease (∼18–19%) in the yield of cell wall material (CWM), whereas less than 6% of CWM had been degraded in the 10MA sample. The decrease in CWM was mainly due to pectic polysaccharide degradation, although for 20A and 40MA samples, hemicelluloses were also affected. Throughout storage, 10MA, 20MA and 30MA samples exhibited similar CWM solubility; however, that of the 40MA sample underwent a significant decrease, from 10% to 4.5%, probably due to the formation of new pectic chains of higher molecular weight. In contrast, the CWM solubility of sample 20A increased from 10% to 15%, suggesting that MA may have promoted the inhibition of pectic-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. In general, the combined use of relatively low temperatures and a MA helped to preserve both the colour of raisins and maintain the levels of their CWMs at values similar to initial concentrations. Received: 5 October 1998     

A New Chaotic Genetic Hybrid Algorithm and Its Applications in Mechanical Optimization Design

A new chaotic genetic hybrid algorithm(CGHA) based on float point coding was put forward in this paper.Firstly,it used chaos optimization to search coarsely and produced a better initial population.Then,a power function carrier was adopted to improve the ergodicity and the sufficiency of the chaos optimization.Secondly,the genetic algorithm(GA) was used to search finely and guaranteed the population's evolution.To avoid the search being trapped in local minimum,a chaos degenerate mutation operator was desig...     

剪切来流下电磁减阻与尾流控制

电解质溶液中圆柱表面附近分布的电磁力可有效改变圆柱流体边界层,控制圆柱绕流。对剪切来流情形下圆柱绕流及其电磁控制进行了实验和计算研究。实验在转动水槽中进行,通过吊杆将装有电磁激活板的圆柱插在槽内液体中。吊杆上的应变片用于测试圆柱的阻力,注入适当的染料用来显示流场。数值模拟时,流场的基本方程为指数极坐标中考虑场力的Navier-Stokes方程,计算采用交替方向隐式格式和快速傅里叶变换格式。研究结果表明:剪切来流的绕流流场中,圆柱的尾涡向流速小的一侧偏移,升力和阻力周期性振荡,且升力的均值不为0,指向流速较小的一侧;电磁力作用后,圆柱的尾迹呈一条线向流速较小的一侧偏移,阻力减小且不再振荡,升力增大至稳定,指向流速较小的一侧。     

微细圆管内火药燃烧稳定性影响因素的数值模拟

为了解微燃烧器内固体含能材料燃烧的影响因素,采用ANSYS瞬态热分析研究了微细圆管燃烧器内固体药柱燃烧时,燃烧器尺寸、壁厚和壁面热传导系数对燃烧器壁面温度分布和热损失的影响。结果表明:燃烧器壁面的热量传递是决定微尺寸下能否稳定燃烧的关键。随着燃烧器尺寸的减小,加强了燃气和壁面的相互作用,热损失增大,导致燃烧不稳定甚至熄灭。而壁面热传导系数对壁面热量传递起着竞争的作用,随着壁面热传导系数的减小,壁面热损失和壁面轴向传导至预热区的热量均减小,但前者的作用较大,利于燃烧稳定。另外研究表明,在一定壁厚范围内,增加壁厚有利于燃烧稳定。