板壳结构非线性随机有限元法研究

采用摄动随机有限元法研究了具有随机参数的板壳结构大挠度动力响应问题。基于Mindlin-Reissner板理论,采用全量Lagrangian法推导了具有板壳结构的大变形、大转动的动力响应有限元列式;通过基于等参变换的局部模型对随机场进行离散,结合摄动技术,建立了基于摄动技术的增量形式的随机有限元列式,计算结果与Monte-Carlo法相比较表明了该方法的有效性和精确性。通过该方法,为进一步进行结构可靠性分析提供了依据和方便。     

Efficient and accurate simulation of the packaging forming process

To allow for large‐scale forming applications, such as converting paperboard into package containers, efficient and reliable numerical tools are needed. In finite element simulations of thin structures, elements including structural features are required to reduce the computational cost. Solid‐shell elements based on reduced integration with hourglass stabilization is an attractive choice. One advantage of this choice is the natural inclusion of the thickness, not present in standard degenerated shells, which is especially important for many problems involving contact. Furthermore, no restrictions are imposed on the constitutive models since the solid‐shell element does not require the plane stress condition to be enforced. In this work, a recently proposed efficient solid‐shell element is implemented together with a state‐of‐the‐art continuum model for paperboard. This approach is validated by comparing the obtained numerical results with experimental results for paperboard as well as with those found by using 3D continuum elements. To show the potential of this approach, a large‐scale forming simulation of paperboard is used as a proof of concept.     

Catalytic activities of sonochemically prepared Au-core/Pd-shell-structured bimetallic nanoparticles immobilised on TiO2 and its dependence on Pd-shell thickness

Catalytic activities of sonochemically prepared Au-core/Pd-shell-structured bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) immobilised on TiO₂ were evaluated. Comparing with the mixture of monometallic Au and Pd NPs on TiO₂, core/shell-immobilised catalysts exhibited higher activities for the partial reduction of nitrobenzene (NB) to aniline (AN), suggesting that the synergistic effect originating from the core/shell structure enhanced the catalytic activities. In the case of high Au/Pd ratios, where the Pd-shell thickness was calculated to be 0.5 nm or lower, infrared spectroscopic measurements of adsorbed CO showed that the Au cores were successfully covered with Pd shells. It was found that a thin Pd shell of one layer or two layers of Pd atoms effectively catalysed the reduction of NB under ambient temperature, whereas the formation of AN was not confirmed on monometallic Au NP-immobilised catalysts.     

生物质酚醛泡沫塑料的研究进展

生物质酚醛泡沫塑料发展迅速,正受到国内外的广泛关注.综述了生物质在酚醛泡沫中的最新研究进展,重点介绍了腰果壳油、单宁和木质素在酚醛泡沫中的应用及其泡沫的性能.指出生物质的引入引起树脂黏度增加,并对生物质酚醛泡沫塑料的应用前景做了展望.     

Vibrio parahaemolyticus in granulated ark shell clam (Tegillarca granosas): accumulation from water and survival during cold storage and thermal process

This study investigated accumulation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in granulated ark shell clam (Tegillarca granosas) exposed to contaminated water and survival of V. parahaemolyticus in the clams during cold storage and heating processes. Vibrio parahaemolyticus could be accumulated in clams to a level similar to that of contaminated water within 12 h of exposure of clams to contaminated water at temperatures between 9 and 33 °C. Keeping clams stored at 5 and 0 °C for 10 days resulted in 1.98 and 2.32 log MPN g^?1 reductions of V. parahaemolyticus, respectively, in the clams. Frozen storage at ?18 °C for 15 days or at ?30 °C for 30 days were capable of reducing V. parahaemolyticus from 4.05 log MPN g^?1 to non‐detectable levels (< 3 MPN g^?1). A heating process in hot water at 80 °C or higher for 1 min also reduced V. parahaemolyticus in the clams to non‐detectable levels.     

Partial biochemical characterization of tetrazolium red‐reactive Lactobacillus plantarum mutants

One thousand colonies derived from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 cells that survived 34–43 × 10³ ergs cm^‐2 ultraviolet irradiation were screened on media containing tetrazolium red to detect fermentative mutants. Fermentation end‐products formed from pyruvate, glucose, or lactose catabolism were determined. All 37 stable tetrazolium red‐reactive mutants had increased pyruvate utilization compared to the wild‐type strain. Only two did not produce lactate from exogenous pyruvate. When glucose or lactose were substrates, these two mutants and six other representative mutants produced lactate at levels similar to the parent strain. Although the average lactate and acetoin production from pyruvate by the mutants and wild‐type strains were similar, 25% of the mutants had increased acetoin production.     

Characteristics of milk tablets supplemented with nanopowdered eggshell or oyster shell

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of milk tablets supplemented with nanopowdered eggshell (NPES) or nanopowdered oyster shell (NPOS). The particle size of NPES, NPOS, NPES with zinc (Zn‐NPES) and NPOS with activated zinc (Zn‐NPOS) ranged from 20 to 300 nm. The hardness of the milk tablets containing these calcium supplements did not differ significantly from that of the control milk tablets (P > 0.05). Regarding the sensory properties, the appearance, flavour, taste, texture and cumulative sensory score of all the test tablets were similar to those of the control tablets. In conclusion, the quality of all the test milk tablets was similar to that of the control.     

山核桃壳棕色素的生物活性及其红外光谱分析

用体积分数95%乙醇提取山核桃壳棕色素,经AB-8大孔树脂纯化后,对其生物活性及红外光谱进行研究。结果表明:质量浓度为3.0g/L时,山核桃壳棕色素的总抗氧化能力相当于126.65mmol/Lα-生育酚;棕色素还原能力的EC50值(吸光度为0.5时的质量浓度)为0.286g/L;质量浓度为1.0g/L时,棕色素对.OH的清除率达到60.84%。抑菌实验表明:山核桃壳棕色素对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)均有抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度分别为0.125、0.25、0.25、1.0、0.5g/L。红外光谱分析结果表明:该棕色素含有苯环和酚羟基结构。     

Optimising clarification of carrot juice by bacterial crude pectinase

This study was undertaken to search for potential use of crude bacterial pectinase enzyme produced from Bacillus subtilis grown on hazelnut shell hydrolysate in clarification of carrot juice and to optimize the enzyme load, pH and time using the Box–Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). The carrot juice was treated with the crude pectinase enzyme (5.60 U mL^?1) at different concentrations (0.1–0.5%), pH (4–7), and time (2–6 h). The obtained enzyme was also compared with commercial fungal pectinase at identical conditions. RSM provided optimal clarification conditions of 0.5% (w/v) enzyme load, 7.0 pH, and 6 h of time estimating 100% clarity, whose experimental counterpart was 94.47 ± 0.01%. High values of coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9631), predicted R² (0.8989) and insignificant lack‐of‐fit (0.12) also showed that the model was successful in predicting % clarity for various combinations. This study also indicated that crude bacterial pectinase providing about 95% clarity is superior to commercial fungal pectinase, which gave 78% clarity under tested conditions, in terms of clarification ability for carrot juice.