Influence of an emulsifier on the pressure desensitization of emulsion explosives

The desensitization degree of emulsion explosives （EE） was calculated with the peak pressure of explosion shock waves tested in water. To an explosive, the less the desensitization degree, the better the compression resistance, so the compression resistance of an explosive can be compared and analyzed quantificationally with the desensitization degree. The influence of an emulsifier on the pressure desensitization of EE was studied, including the content and category of emulsifiers. Three kinds of emulsifiers （Span-80, compound emulsifier, and T-152） were used in the tests. The experimental results show that both the content and category of emulsifiers make a great effect on the pressure desensitization of EE. The desensitization degree of EE reduces with the emulsifier content being increased, but there is an optimal content of an emulsifier for the compression resistance of EE. While the content of Span-80 reaches 4wt%, the desensitization degree of EE becomes a minimal value, and augments somewhat if the emulsifier content is increased more. That is to say, the compression resistance of EE becomes the highest while the content of Span-80 is 4wt%, and the compression resistance will decline if the content of Span-80 is increased more. The compression resistance of the explosive emulsified by compound emulsifier is the highest among all the explosives, when the content of the whole components and manufacturing engineering are kept invariable.     

Prediction method for October 2003 solar storm

Aiming at two intense shock events on October 28 and 29, 2003, this paper presents a two-step method, which combines synoptic analysis of space weather ——“observing” and quantitative prediction ——“palpating”, and then uses it to test predictions. In the first step of “observing”, on the basis of observations of the solar source surface magnetic field, interplanetary scintillation (IPS) and ACE spacecraft, we find that the propagation of the shocks is asymmetric relative to the normal direction of their solar sources, and the Earth is located near the direction of the fastest speed and the greatest energy of the shocks. As the two fast ejection shock events, the fast explosion of coronal mass of the extremely high temperature, the strong magnetic field, and the high speed background solar wind are also helpful to their rapid propagation. In the second step of “palpating”, we adopt a new membership function of the fast shock events for the ISF method. The predicted results show that for the onset time of the geomagnetic disturbance, the relative errors between the observational and the predicted results are 1.8% and 6.7%; and for the magnetic disturbance magnitude, the relative errors are 4.1% and 3.1%, re- spectively. Furthermore, the comparison among the predicted results of our two-step method with those of five other prevailing methods shows that the two-step method is advantageous. The results tell us that understanding the physical features of shock propagation thoroughly is of great importance in improving the prediction precision.     

爆炸冲击的激光多普勒远距离测量技术的研究

利用激光多普勒效应和数字信号处理方法,获取爆炸冲击过程中的高速变形参数,以此作为对爆炸强度分析的依据。根据爆炸变形的特点,设计了外差式纵向激光多普勒测量系统,提出了相应的数字滤波和频谱分析的信号处理方法,实现了爆炸变形的动态测量。系统测量的位移量程为±30mm,速度量程为-10~+20m/s,测量距离为4.5m。与振动台的试验对比,位移测量相对误差小于1%。给出了圆筒钢制爆炸容器在300gTNT当量炸药爆炸过程中弹性变形的测量结果。     

钻孔爆破断裂控制技术研究

提出了一种新型的断裂控制爆破方法——在炮孔内同时利用不同的偶合介质(水和空气)爆破法。利用空气和水不同的物理特性和传能性质,控制爆炸能量的释放过程及作用方向,从而达到控制断裂方向,以起到崩落一侧而保护另一侧的目的。分析了水和空气不偶合装药爆破对周围介质的作用,通过模拟试验,对爆破后水介质所在方向和空气介质所在方向的应变和损伤分别进行了对比,反映出了介质中的受力和变形情况。实验表明,能够有效地控制裂缝的产生和发展,是一种行之有效的断裂控制爆破方法。     

Simulation and analysis of effects of Young’s modulus of isolation material on natural frequencies of the sensor package and displacement of the chip

During the last ten years, Micro-electromechanicalSystems (MEMS) technology developed very rapidlyand with that came great achievements. Currently, theMEMS devices are different types of sensors, which areusually applied to measure physical quantities such aspressure, the acoustic signal, mass, motion, accelera-tion, rotation, velocity of flow, chemical reaction, vi-bration, and so on. Additionally, some sensors havebeen manufactured[1]. MEMS packaging technologydevelops slowly due to the…     

带辅助气室橡胶空气弹簧的冲击特性分析

针对冲击隔离研究需要，建立了带辅助气室橡胶空气弹簧的物理模型。考虑到空气弹簧承载力和囊内容积与橡胶囊形变的关系难以用数学解析式描述，系统冲击响应采取数值计算方法，该方法将模型控制方程转化为差分形式，并在方程数值求解中嵌入橡胶囊形变的有限元分析。利用上述解法，对橡胶空气弹簧冲击隔离特性进行了研究，并分析了有关影响参数。     

液力减振器结构异响发生的微过程分析

将液力减振器的工作循环划分成更细微的过程并相应地进行了力学分析,建立了相应的微分方程,并利用M ATLAB软件进行了仿真计算,分析计算结果与台架试验结果一致。结果表明,活塞与油液间的间隙碰撞、活塞与缸筒的静动摩擦力交变和阀片与活塞的粘附均导致对汽车液力减振器活塞的冲击,其进一步的传递将产生结构异响。     

利用气体炮技术测定隔振器冲击特性

提出了一种测量隔振器冲击特性的方法。通过气体炮发射的炮弹撞击砧块,使之获得一定的初速度,再 利用砧块的惯性对隔振器施加冲击载荷。使用激光位移传感器和测力钢块分别测量力和位移。从而解决了施加可控冲 击载荷和冲击条件下数据测量的问题。     

冲击理想化为速度阶跃的适用范围及其误差

为简化计算,一般当冲击力作用时间远小于隔离系统的固有周期时,我们可把冲击理想化为速度阶跃。这种近似处理方法会引起一定的误差,目前还只有无阻尼条件下的探讨。随着阻尼器件在冲击隔离中的应用越来越广泛,十分必要对有阻尼条件下冲击理想化为速度阶跃的条件及其误差进行分析。本文通过对具有代表性的半正弦和矩形冲击的计算和分析,发现在大阻尼比下,不宜把冲击理想化为速度阶跃。本文给出了速度阶跃处理方法的适用范围及其误差,并对影响误差的因素进行了探讨。     

碰撞引起的宇航设备冲击响应仿真分析

利用运动学、动力学原理、有限元等分析方法对宇航设备在碰撞过程中的碰撞速度、撞击力、静强度、动力学响应等进行了仿真分析,由于碰撞力无法直接测量,应用碰撞理论和简化假设处理,计算得到碰撞力的分布函数,通过应用有限元理论和通用有限元程序NASTRAN,建立了研究对象的有限元模型,计算得到结构力学响应并结合以往的环境试验结果,验证了局部应力过高导致次结构破坏的现象,得出了主结构内部无法检测部件的环境适应性结论。还将理论仿真结果与模拟试验测量结果进行了对比分析,计算结果与实测结果有较好的一致性。分析表明,利用运动学和碰撞的有关理论可以较好地模拟文中设备的碰撞过程,对于撞击力的分布服从半正弦分布的假设在工程实践中是可行的。计算结构频率耦合作用而产生的结构内部放大或衰减效应。