基于测录井曲线的致密砂岩储层产能评价方法

强烈的非均质性、较差的储层连通性以及复杂的微观孔隙结构是致密砂岩气产能评价难度大和准确率不高的原因,基于此,利用多口井测录井曲线资料,归纳总结典型的曲线形态类型,并采用数学方法对形态进行了定量表征,提出了基于测录井曲线形态的产能评价方法。研究表明：①气测全烃曲线可以分为箱形、半箱形、正三角形、倒三角形、锯齿状和单尖峰状等6种形态,分别与油气层显示程度紧密相关,可以利用幅度、相对质心、相对锯齿、方差及自相关函数的参数值极性量化表征。其中,箱形气测全烃曲线峰形饱满,跨度较大;半箱形,气测全烃峰形跨度明显小于储层厚度;三角形,气测全烃曲线形态呈现正三角形或倒三角形;锯齿状,气测全烃曲线形态呈忽高忽低的趋势,呈现若干尖峰;单尖峰状,气测全烃曲线峰形跨度较小,呈单尖峰状。②6种气测全烃曲线形态与致密砂岩油气储层产能具有较好的对应关系。高、中产层主要为箱形、三角形,低产层主要为（半）箱形、三角形及锯齿状,特低产主要为锯齿状,不产层主要以单尖峰状为主。利用气测曲线形态及产能特征进行权重赋值,建立了解释关系图版。③录井全烃曲线与测井电阻率曲线综合解释可以更加准确判别致密砂岩储层产能。最后,利用定量化模型进行自动解释,通过数据验证发现,产层符合率为80.95%,产能区间符合率为78.05%。实践证明,基于测录井曲线形态可以较好地评价预测致密砂岩储层产气能力。     

Iris Recognition Using Wavelet Features

The traditional iris recognition systems require equal high quality human iris images. A cheap image acquisition system has difficulty in capturing equal high quality iris images. This paper describes a new feature representation method for iris recognition robust to noises. The disc-shaped iris image is first convolved with a low pass filter along the radial direction. Then, the radially smoothed iris image is decomposed in the angular direction using a one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform. Each decomposed one-dimensional waveform is approximated by an optimal piecewise linear curve connecting a small set of node points. The set of node points is used as a feature vector. The optimal approximation procedure reduces the feature vector size while maintaining recognition accuracy. The similarity between two iris images is measured by the normalized cross-correlation coefficients between optimal curves. The similarity between two iris images is estimated using mid-frequency bands. The rotation of one-dimensional signals due to the head tilt is estimated using the lowest frequency component. Experimentally we show the proposed method produces superb performance in iris recognition.     

Current–voltage curve translation by bilinear interpolation

By means of bilinear interpolation and four reference current–voltage (I–V) curves, an I–V curve of a photovoltaic (PV) module is translated to desired conditions of irradiance and PV module temperature. The four reference I–V curves are measured at two irradiance and two PV module temperature levels and contain all the essential PV module characteristic information for performing the bilinear interpolation. The interpolation is performed first with respect to open‐circuit voltage to account for PV module temperature, and second with respect to short‐circuit current to account for irradiance. The translation results over a wide range of irradiances and PV module temperatures agree closely with measured values for a group of PV modules representing seven different technologies. Root‐mean‐square errors were 1·5% or less for the I–V curve parameters of maximum power, voltage at maximum power, current at maximum power, short‐circuit current, and open‐circuit voltage. The translation is applicable for determining the performance of a PV module for a specified test condition, or for PV system performance modeling. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种改进的椭圆曲线算法及在电子商务中的应用

椭圆曲线公钥密码体制(ECC)具有最高的位安全强度。文章分析了ECC的优势，讨论了椭圆曲线的数学基础和离散对数问题的复杂性，并对现有的ECC数字签名算法(ECDSA)进行了改进，进一步加快了运算速度，缩短了数据传输的时间。将改进的椭圆曲线密码体制应用在电子商务中实现数字签名，取得了较好的效果。     

基于matlab的环境数据曲线拟合在某子母弹引信机构仿真中的应用

以某子母弹为对象 ,分别论述不同的离散曲线的解析式近似表达方法 ,最后以不同方法的拟合结果作为仿真模型的输入 ,得到仿真结果进行分析     

曲面重构技术的应用

通过对ＳＣ６３３０前车门外蒙皮的曲面重构,简述了利用Ｅｕｃｌｉｄ３软件对数字化数据点进行曲面重构的过程,对曲面重构技术应用的体会。     

基于最小作用原理的积水土坡水分入渗路径及规律研究

基于最小作用原理,以时间为最小作用量,建立了二维Richards方程水分入渗路径的泛函,提出了积水条件下土坡水分入渗的变分解,并在此基础上利用Brooks-Corey模型计算了锋面以上土体的水力坡降并讨论了入渗曲线的形态,同时利用Hydrus 2D软件分析了第一类边界条件下土坡内含水量分布。结果表明:二维斜面入渗的变分解与一维水平入渗、垂直入渗变分解具有相同形式;入渗曲线表现为外凸形态;数值计算得到的入渗量与湿润锋深度呈线性关系,与变分解的分析结果一致;变分解求得的湿润锋深度、含水量分布用于分析边坡稳定等宏观工程问题是可行的。     

M气藏压裂施工砂堵原因剖析

气井压裂施工过程中产生砂堵在影响压裂效果的同时将会产生严重的经济损失。通过考虑影响压裂施工的地层、压裂液、工程、设计等各种因素,剖析了压裂过程中产生砂堵的常见原因。针对M气藏6口压裂施工井的砂堵情况,结合压裂施工曲线、测井曲线、测井解释成果、压裂施工设计及实际施工参数对产生砂堵的具体原因进行分析,在此基础上提出了防止M气藏压裂施工砂堵的具体建议。砂堵原因的深入认识和相关建议对M气藏后续压裂设计和施工具有很高的参考价值,对其他类似的低渗砂岩气藏的压裂施工也具有重要指导意义。     

A method for the determination of dynamic resistance of photovoltaic modules under illumination

Dynamic resistance of solar cells and modules have been determined from a dark IV characteristic curve. In the determination, it is often assumed that series resistance R_s is small and the shunt resistance R_sh very large, their effects can be neglected. The resultant dynamic resistance can be called the external dynamic resistance R_D. R_D is normally taken to be the slope of the IV characteristic of a cell or a module. We present in this paper a new method to determine an internal dynamic resistance R_d of a photovoltaic module based on one illuminated IV curve, taken into account finite series and shunt resistance. In the experiment, we measure illuminated and dark characteristics of a 4.5 Wp commercial X-Si solar module (9 V, 500 mA) at 25–27 °C, and calculate R_d and R_D. We see that R_d and R_D can be markedly different. Comparison is also made on the series resistance R_s and shunt resistance R_sh determined from single IV curve and two IV curve methods.     

Some problems with the development of combined generation of electricity and heat in Russia

The current state of cogeneration in Russia is analyzed. It is characterized by a sharp decrease in industrial heat consumption and a reduction in the demand for electricity. As a result many cogeneration plants presently operate under off-design conditions, which change their economic indexes to the worse. The ways of introducing small-scale cogeneration installations are considered, which show promise under the existing conditions of limited investments. The problems that accompany the introduction of modern highly efficient large-capacity power units at cogeneration plants are analyzed.