基于MODIS的长江源区雪冰遥感监测及其变化规律分析

利用2005—2014年的MODIS积雪产品,提取长江源区积雪覆盖率,结合同期相关气象站点的逐月平均气温数据和逐月月降水量以及直门达水文站的径流数据,通过相关分析的方法,对长江源区冰雪覆盖变化规律及其变化原因进行了探讨。结果表明:2005—2014年间,长江源区冰雪覆盖率总体呈小幅度的减少趋势;每年的10月份和11月份长江源区冰雪覆盖面积达到最大值,7月份和8月份达到最小值。另外,2005—2014年的4月份,曲麻莱月均气温和月均降水量对长江源区月均冰雪覆盖度的影响为:气温呈低度负相关,降水呈高度正相关;曲麻莱月均气温和月均降水量对直门达月均径流的影响为:气温呈中度正相关,降水呈低度正相关。研究结果可为长江源区水资源管理与生态环境保护提供支撑。     

真实感雪场景模拟

在分析现有的降雪和积雪模拟方法的基础上,提出了一种新的粒子属性设置方式,对降雪过程的绘制速度进行了优化,并且创新性地运用阴影形成原理,模拟了风力较为稳定的条件下,建筑物背阴处的积雪情况。将降雪和积雪过程看成是两个独立的阶段,分别采用不同的方法进行模拟。降雪方面,主要是采用了粒子系统,为粒子添加了纹理样式这一属性,并运用了显示列表等优化技术,使得绘制效率得到了显著提高;积雪方面,引入噪声技术,并结合多级粒子系统,再现了现实生活中背阴处无积雪的情况。实验表明,模拟方法效果逼真,实时性良好,适合应用于需要进行实时渲染的虚拟环境。     

屋面积雪分布的最不利影响模拟分析

应用计算流体动力学软件平台FLUENT,采用气固两相流理论,对自定义屋面在不同风向、风速作用下,模拟其对屋面在持续性降雪过程中积雪的不均匀分布情况的影响,通过对积雪分布情况的分析,找出风致积雪过程中风向、风速对其的最不利影响,为结构静力设计和雪荷载规范的完善提供理论依据。     

冬奥会雪上场馆全寿命期 BIM 需求分析

在冬奥会雪上场馆的建设过程中,为解决由于信息需求多样性和项目本身独特性所带来的 BIM 应用受阻问题,以张家口赛区和延庆赛区为调研对象,分析了雪上场馆项目全寿命期内各参与方对 BIM 的需求情况。结果表明:业主方密切关注项目全寿命期内各阶段 BIM 的应用,设计方与施工方对依托 BIM 的协同作业的配合程度要求较高,专项设计与构件生产方聚焦在更加专业细节的 BIM 功能。另外,体现冬奥特点的 BIM 特殊需求,因项目阶段和信息类型的不同存在较大差异性。这可为 BIM 辅助冬奥会雪上场馆项目的设计、施工和运营提供有效参考     

Comparative authentication of three “snow lotus” herbs by macroscopic and microscopic features

“Snow lotus” is a famous Chinese Materia Medica derived from species of the genus Saussurea (Compositae). To differentiate three representative easily‐confused snow lotus herbs, namely, Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.‐Bip, Saussurea laniceps Hand.‐Mazz., and Saussurea medusa Maxim., macroscopic features of the three herbs were systemically observed, and microscopic features were compared by using ordinary light microscopy, polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that, as for macroscopic identification, capitula situation and arrangement, and as for microscopic identification, pollen grains, nonglandular hairs, glandular hairs, and cells of inner surface of the microdiodange can be used to authenticate the three snow lotus herbs. Comprehensive table comparing the characteristics were presented in this study. SEM has been found to provide a number of unique characteristics of pollen grains. Based on the observation of pollen grains, evolution sequence of the three species was speculated. The present method was proven to be efficient, convenient, simple, and reliable, which was successfully applied to the authentication of three snow lotus herbs. Microsc. Res. Tech.1 77:631–641, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Effect of variety and crude protein content on nutrients and certain antinutrients in field peas (Pisum sativum)

Protein content was used as an indicator of environmental conditions for a study on varietal and environmental variation in proximate composition, minerals, amino acids and certain antinutrients of field peas. Four field pea varieties, each with three levels of protein content, were selected. Crude protein content overall ranged from 20.2 to 26.7%. Analysis of variance showed that both variety and environmental conditions had a significant effect on starch, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and fat content, but ash content was only affected by variety. Significant varietal and environmental differences in potassium (K), manganese (Mn) and phosphorus (P) were noted. Calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) showed significant varietal differences, while iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) had significant environmental differences. Environmental conditions showed significant effects on alanine, glycine, isoleucine, lysine and threonine content. Variety had a significant effect on sucrose, raffinose and phytic acid content, whereas environmental conditions had an influence on trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA). The major pea components protein and starch were inversely correlated. ADF, NDF, Fe, Mg, Zn and the amino acid arginine were positively correlated with protein content. The amino acids glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine and threonine were negatively correlated with protein content. It was found that tryptophan was the most deficient amino acid and the sulphur‐containing amino acids were the second limiting amino acids in peas. Raffinose was positively correlated with sucrose but negatively correlated with verbascose. There were significant correlations between mineral contents and some of the proximate components. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

纳米二氧化硅涂料印花雪地伪装织物的制备及其性能表征

针对我国适合单兵作战的雪地伪装材料匮乏、服用雪地伪装材料鲜有研究以及现有的雪地伪装材料制作工艺复杂等问题,采用纳米Si O2作为白色印花颜料,通过涂料印花工艺制备了一种兼具雪地伪装与紫外线防护性能的涤纶织物,探讨了颜料与黏合剂对印制织物雪地伪装性能的影响,并对该织物的服用性能进行了测试。结果表明:印制织物在紫外区(300~400 nm)的反射率可达到80%以上,透过率达到5%以下,紫外线防护系数高达300,有较好的雪地伪装效果和紫外线防护性能,且具有良好的白度、手感、透湿性、耐皂洗性和色牢度。     

Starch but not protein digestibility is altered in pigs fed transgenic peas containing α‐amylase inhibitor

Eighteen individually housed boars were randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments, an experimental wheat diet containing 989.4 g kg^?1 of a basal wheat diet, or this experimental wheat diet with 500 g kg^?1 of the basal wheat diet replaced with 500 g kg^?1 of either transgenic or non‐transgenic peas. The transgenic peas expressed the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) α‐amylase inhibitor 1 gene. Diets contained n‐hexatriacontane (0.2 g kg^?1) as an indigestible marker to allow the determination of nutrient digestibility at the terminal ileum. Pigs were offered 1.6 kg day^?1 for 15 days, after which they were anaesthetised, the ileal and faecal digesta collected and the pigs subsequently euthanased. The ileal dry matter and starch digestibilities of the experimental wheat, non‐transgenic and transgenic pea diets were 78.3, 74.2 and 45.8% and 95.9, 95.2 and 42.4%, respectively. The apparent nutrient digestibilities of the non‐transgenic and transgenic peas were determined by difference. The ileal dry matter digestibility was significantly reduced in the transgenic peas compared with the non‐transgenic peas (12.7 and 69.9%, respectively; P = 0.006), which was largely due to a reduced starch digestibility. The apparent crude protein digestibilities of the transgenic peas were similar to the non‐transgenic, being 79.7 and 78.5%, respectively. The amino acid digestibilities of the transgenic and non‐transgenic peas were also similar. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

雨雪天气下特高压交流单回试验线段电晕损失实测分析

为了研究特高压交流输电线路在雨天、雪天气象条件下的电晕损失特性,基于我国特高压交流试验基地单回试验线段展开实测研究,采用研制的光电数字化输电线路电晕损失监测系统,实现了试验线段电晕损失全天候条件下实时在线测量,根据监测结果分析不同降雨率及大雪气象条件下电晕损失。研究结果表明,正常运行电压下,特高压交流单回试验线段雨天单相单位长度电晕损失约为20～60 W/m,在大雪气象条件下,根据监测结果,特高压交流单回试验线段单位长度电晕损失最大值为:边相达到53.54 W/m,中相达到62.95 W/m,与等值降雨率推算结果较为符合。电晕损失随降雨率增大呈非线性增长,在大雨条件下逐渐趋于饱和,并初步获得8×LGJ-500/35分裂导线降雨率与电晕损失拟合模型。该试验获得的特高压交流单回试验线段电晕损失实测结果,为特高压交流输电线路导线选型设计及运行经济性衡量提供了参考。     

三峡地区超高压输电线路防融冰闪络装置研究

针对三峡地区500 kV架空输电线路多次发生融冰闪络故障的现象,从线路所经过地区的环境和运行特点着手,分析了线路融冰闪络的原因及形成特点,提出了具体的防线路融冰闪络措施并设计了一种防融冰闪络装置.