海藻酸钠-碳材料复合凝胶吸附水中污染物的研究进展

海藻酸钠的亲水性和其凝胶的三维网状结构赋予海藻酸钠水凝胶良好的吸附性能,成为处理水中污染物的理想吸附材料。碳材料如石墨烯、碳纳米管等因其具有较高的比表面积,常用于污染物的吸附,与海藻酸钠复合可进一步改善和丰富海藻酸钠凝胶的性能。针对海藻酸钠-碳材料复合凝胶吸附水中污染物的研究现状,以氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管和活性炭这3种碳材料为主线,简单总结了海藻酸钠-碳材料复合凝胶吸附水中污染物的研究进展,并提出需要解决的若干问题。     

Facile fabrication of integrated three-dimensional C-MoSe<Subscript>2</Subscript>/reduced graphene oxide composite with enhanced performance for sodium storage

Scrupulous design and fabrication of advanced electrode materials are vital for developing high-performance sodium ion batteries. Herein, we report a facile one-step hydrothermal strategy for construction of a C-MoSe₂/rGO composite with both high porosity and large surface area. Double modification of MoSe₂ nanosheets is realized in this composite by introducing a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) skeleton and outer carbon protective layer. The MoSe₂ nanosheets are well wrapped by a carbon layer and also strongly anchored on the interconnected rGO network. As an anode in sodium ion batteries, the designed C-MoSe₂/rGO composite delivers noticeably enhanced sodium ion storage, with a high specific capacity of 445 mAh·g^-1 at 200 mA·g^-1 after 350 cycles, and 228 mAh·g^-1 even at 4 A·g^-1; these values are much better than those of C-MoSe₂ nanosheets (258 mAh·g^-1 at 200 mA·g^-1 and 75 mAh·g^-1 at 4 A·g^-1). Additionally, the sodium ion storage mechanism is investigated well using ex situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy methods. Our proposed electrode design protocol and sodium storage mechanism may pave the way for the fabrication of other high-performance metal diselenide anodes for electrochemical energy storage.

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含银有机硅抗菌材料的制备与性能

通过带氨乙基氨丙基硅油与氯乙酸钠反应,形成带乙酸钠基团的双氨基硅油,对产物进行乳化并加入银离子,制备了一种具有抗菌性的含银有机硅织物柔软整理剂。对引发剂的选择和用量、反应温度及反应时间进行了研究,得到了最佳合成条件:溶剂选择乙醇;引发剂四甲基氢氧化铵用量为硅油单体的1%;氯乙酸钠用量为硅油单体的1.6%;反应温度80℃;反应时间8 h~10 h。乳化剂选择脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚的复配体系。结果表明,经其整理的织物既保持了手感丰满、柔软的优点,并且具有良好、高效的抗菌效果。     

Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/sodium propionate (PP/SP) composite films for bread packaging application

To prolong the shelf life of bread, polypropylene/sodium propionate (PP/SP) composite films were prepared via a melt‐extrusion process. To investigate the feasibility of using PP/SP composite films as a bread packaging material, their chemical structure, morphology, mechanical properties, barrier properties against water, surface properties, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. A storage test for bread was also conducted. The mechanical and thermal stability of the PP/SP composite films enhanced with increasing SP content. Compared with pure PP, the PP/SP composites had increased hydrophilicity that increased with increasing SP content. These composite films showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive microorganisms. This was due to the interaction of SP and water originating from the bread, which modifies the pH of the bread and causes destruction of the cellular structures of fungi and also reduces the growth rate of bacteria. The enhanced thermal, mechanical, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties achieved by the addition of SP can be beneficial for maintaining the freshness of bread and prolonging its shelf life.     

钛白粉表面处理前的分散性研究

钛白粉表面处理前在水中的分散性非常重要。通过沉降实验、吸光度实验和Zeta电位实验,研究了钛白粉粗品在水介质中的分散行为。考察了pH值、分散剂种类及加入量对钛白粉粗品在水中的分散稳定性的影响。实验结果证明,在pH值为9～10,加入钛白粉质量0.4%的六偏磷酸钠作为分散剂时,分散性最好。     

添加LDH-ZnO的海藻酸钠基抗菌复合材料研究综述

目的 介绍海藻酸钠基抗菌复合材料的抗菌机理、特点以及在食品包装方面的应用。方法 重点阐述海藻酸钠的成膜机理、纳米氧化锌的抗菌机理,以及具有特殊层状结构的无机功能材料水滑石的抑菌性能,利用在不同改性方法下水滑石与氧化锌结合形成的增强抗菌结构,探究以海藻酸钠为基材制成的海藻酸钠/水滑石/纳米氧化锌复合膜体系的力学、阻隔和抗菌等性能。结论 绿色食品包装材料在现实生活中倍受关注,将海藻酸钠(能完全生物降解,具有良好的生物相容性和热稳定性的环境友好型材料)与水滑石-氧化锌抗菌剂结合,以增强抗菌复合材料的综合性能,符合国内外研究和开发新型抗菌材料的趋势。     

固相法合成Ag(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3的研究

以不同固相合成工艺制备了Ag（Nb0．8Ta0．2）O3粉末，并对其压片烧结后样品的XRD和SEM图进行了分析，对成瓷性较好的样品的介电性能进行了测试．结果表明：不同工艺均可合成具有钙钛矿结构的Ag（Nb0.8Ta0．2）O3（ANT）样品，但对样品成瓷性影响很大．通过先将Nb2O5、Ta2O5在1200℃煅烧，然后再同Ag2O反应生成Ag（Nb0．8Ta0．2）O3的合成工艺，在较低的烧结温度下，就可烧制成粒径均匀、致密的陶瓷，相比其他工艺合成的样品，其介电常数（ε）得到了提高，介电损耗（tanδ）变小，为最佳合成工艺．     

铝酸钠溶液深度脱硅

叙述了硅在铝酸钠溶液中的存在状态，指出了在碱法生产氧化铝过程中铝酸钠溶液深度脱硅的重要性。介绍了铝酸钠溶液深度脱硅研究现状，讨论了Ca（OH）2、C3AH6（立方水合铝酸钙）、C4AHn（六方水合铝酸钙）、HCAC（水合碳铝酸钙）、HSAC（水合硫铝酸钙）等含钙化合物深度脱硅机理。在此基础上指出了铝酸钠溶液脱硅的研究方向。     

pH-sensitive sodium alginate/calcined hydrotalcite hybrid beads for controlled release of diclofenac sodium

Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare pH-sensitive sodium alginate/calcined hydrotalcite (SA/CHT) hybrid bead with improved the burst release effect of the drug.

Materials and methods: A series of pH-sensitive SA/CHT hybrid beads were prepared by using Ca²⁺ cross-linking in the presence of diclofenac sodium (DS) and SA. The structure and drug loading of the beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The swelling and the drug release of the fabricated beads were investigated by the pH of test medium and CHT content.

Result: The formed positively charged hydrotalcite layers were adsorbed on the negatively charged SA polymer chains through electrostatic interaction and act as inorganic cross-linkers in the three-dimensional network. Compared to pure SA beads, the incorporation of CHT enhanced the drug encapsulation efficiency, improved the swelling behaviors and slowed the drug release from the hybrid beads.

Discussion and conclusions: The electrostatic interaction between hydrotalcite and SA has restricted the movability of the SA polymer chains, and then slowed down swelling and dissolution rates in aqueous solutions. The results provided a simple method to moderate drug release and matrix degradation of the SA beads.