海鲜酱油的研究与开发现状

介绍新型调味品的发展现状,开发与研究海鲜酱油的意义及市场前景,国内外以低值鱼、扇贝裙边为主要原料,经过科学的加工酿造的各种营养丰富、海鲜风味浓郁的海鲜酱油。     

减压渣油结构参数及氢含量的预测

利用减压渣油及其超临界流体萃取分馏馏分的基本性质数据,由多元线性回归分析法得到了结构参数的关联式。并给出了在缺乏元素分析的条件下,渣油氢含量的预测式。模型简便可靠,有较大的实用价值。     

香肠制品中降低亚硝酸盐残留量的措施

亚硝酸盐残留量过高会导致多种疾病。目前人们的香肠制品消费量逐年增加,但是还没有发现有效的食品添加剂能完全代替亚硝酸盐在香肠制品中的有利作用,所以本文从减少亚硝酸盐的添加量及寻找替代品两个方面论述降低其残留量的措施。     

Effect of phosphogypsum on saline-alkalinity and aggregate stability of bauxite residue

A column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phosphogypsum (PG) on the saline- alkalinity, and aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Results showed that: with increasing leaching time, the concentrations of saline-alkali ions decreased while the concentration increased in bauxite residue leachate; compared with CK (control group) treatment, pH, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable Na⁺ content of bauxite residue were reduced following PG treatment; average particle sizes in aggregates following CK and PG treatments were determined to be 155 and 193 nm, respectively. SR-μCT test results also confirmed that bauxite residue following PG treatment acquired larger aggregates and larger pore diameter. These results indicate that the PG treatment could significantly modulate the saline-alkalinity, and simultaneously enhance aggregate stability of bauxite residue, which provides a facile approach to reclaim bauxite residue disposal areas.     

基于三维荧光与BLLS/RBL同时检测蜂蜜中3种喹诺酮类抗生素

采用三维荧光光谱法实现对蜂蜜中的3种喹诺酮类抗生素(氟甲喹、恩诺沙星和左氧氟沙星)残留样本的数据测量,对所得光谱消除了二级瑞利散射和拉曼散射的干扰,采用小波优化集合经验模态分解(EEMD)的方法消除光谱噪声,完成了预处理过程。采用双线性最小二乘/残差双线性(BLLS/RBL)算法分别对预处理前后的样本进行定性、定量检测。结果表明:经预处理后可以准确地解析出样本中各组分光谱,且与原光谱有着极高的相似度。定量分析中,氟甲喹、恩诺沙星和左氧氟沙星的预测平均加标回收率RA分别为94.99%,100.20%,103.20%;均方根误差RMSE分别为4.03,0.21,0.29μg/L;灵敏度SL分别为3.2×10³,3.5×10⁴,3.3×10⁴μg/L;检测下限Lout分别为2.08,0.18,0.19μg/L;优于未经预处理的结果。     

高效液相色谱法检测食品中Nisin的方法研究

乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)是一种天然食品防腐剂。本文以乳制品、酱制品和熟肉制品共14种食品为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)定性定量评价其Nisin的回收率,优化提取溶剂、色谱条件,进而验证HPLC的精密度、稳定性、重复性和检出限。结果表明:当草莓味优酸乳、辣蒜酱和蜜汁鱼仔称样量为20 g时,提取溶剂为乙腈+稀盐酸,其中稀盐酸百分比分别为60%、40%和60%,经超声、水浴提取;在HPLC紫外检测波长220 nm下,梯度洗脱16 min,得到回收率分别为90.40%、93.51%和104.50%;RSD均小于1.6%;精密度高;稳定性好;重复性好;检出限分别为194 IU/mL、205 IU/mL和198 IU/mL。     

Extraction of vanadium from V-Cr bearing reduced residue by selective oxidation combined with alkaline leaching

The extraction of vanadium from the V-Cr-bearing reduced residue formed from the waste water by reduction and neutralization in the process of extracting vanadium from vanadium slag was investigated by selective oxidation combined with alkaline leaching. Vanadium pentoxide is used as the selective oxidant. The effects of leaching temperature, leaching time, solution pH and vanadium pentoxide addition were studied. Under the most suitable conditions including a leaching temperature of 95°C, leaching time of 3?h, solution pH 13.0 and vanadium pentoxide addition of 4.55?wt-%, the leaching of vanadium reached 93.4% and the leaching of chromium was 17.1%.     

进口含铁物料固体废物属性鉴别的探讨

含铁物料来源广泛、成分复杂,其中不乏我国限制或禁止进口的固体废物。不法商贩以废充好、掺杂废物等方式进口含铁物料的现象时有发生。这些物料仅从铁含量和外观上很难判别其属性。实验通过分析几种不同来源含铁物料样品的特征和来源,得出进口含铁物料固体废物属性鉴别的方法。其方法主要包括以下5个步骤:(1)考察样品的外观特征,包括样品颜色、状态、手感、气味、能否被磁铁吸附以及显微镜下观察等;(2)分析样品的理化组成,包括X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)分析以及其他必要的测试分析,分别获得样品的元素组成、元素含量信息和样品的物相组成、物相含量信息等;(3)查证文献资料等,具体是根据以上获得的样品信息,查阅相关的文献资料、调研、咨询专家等,对样品可能产生的来源、工艺进行分析查证;(4)确立样品的来源,即通过以上的考察、分析、查证等,推断并确立样品的来源;(5)判别样品的固体废物属性,根据《固体废物属性鉴别导则》(试行)给出样品是否属于固体废物的判定。如果样品是固体废物,可参照《进口废物管理目录》给出限制类别的判定。根据上述鉴定步骤,对送检的含铁尘泥、浸出渣、磨屑泥和尾矿进行了鉴别,判定这些样品均属于我国目前禁止进口的固体废物。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中氟虫腈及其代谢物残留

目的建立一种测定猪肉中氟虫腈及其3种代谢产物(氟甲腈、氟虫腈硫醚及氟虫腈砜)的液相色谱-串联质谱方法。方法样品经乙腈提取后,经固相萃取柱去除基质中的脂质干扰物,液相色谱分离,串联四极杆质谱定量测定,选择性反应监测模式检测。结果 4种待测组分均获得足够的色谱保留和分离,各药物在0.5~10.0μg/kg范围内呈现良好的线性关系,日内日间精密度小于15%,方法回收率在85%~115%之间,方法的定量限为0.5μg/kg。结论此方法快速、准确且灵敏度高,为监测猪肉中的氟虫腈提供了准确有效的技术手段。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉和猪肝中烯丙孕素残留

目的建立猪肉和猪肝中烯丙孕素残留测定的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)。方法肌肉和肝脏样品,经β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解、乙腈提取、乙腈饱和正己烷溶液除脂;经乙酸乙酯溶解后,用10%碳酸钠溶液净化,UPLC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。结果烯丙孕素在猪肉和猪肝中的检测限为0.5μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg;在1.0、2.0和5.0μg/kg浓度添加的回收率为68.8%~87.6%、日内相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为1.8%~8.9%,日间RSD为1.8%~6.9%。结论该方法操作简便、准确、重现性好,适用于猪肌肉、肝脏中烯丙孕素残留物含量测定。