集成环境下基于加工特征的工艺设计系统的研究

本文研究了ＣＩＭＳ集成环境下面向ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ的基于特征的工艺决策系统以及ＣＡＰＰ的基于加工表面的特征建模和工艺数据库的组织与应用。具体分析了工艺规划过程的特点，提出了ＣＡＰＰ系统应具有的功能模块及其要解决的主要技术问题。     

Two Subgroups within the GH43_36 α-l-Arabinofuranosidase Subfamily Hydrolyze Arabinosyl from Either Mono-or Disubstituted Xylosyl Units in Wheat Arabinoxylan

Fungal arabinofuranosidases (ABFs) catalyze the hydrolysis of arabinosyl substituents (Ara) and are key in the interplay with other glycosyl hydrolases to saccharify arabinoxylans (AXs). Most characterized ABFs belong to GH51 and GH62 and are known to hydrolyze the linkage of α-(1→2)-Ara and α-(1→3)-Ara in monosubstituted xylosyl residues (Xyl) (ABF-m2,3). Nevertheless, in AX a substantial number of Xyls have two Aras (i.e., disubstituted), which are unaffected by ABFs from GH51 and GH62. To date, only two fungal enzymes have been identified (in GH43_36) that specifically release the α-(1→3)-Ara from disubstituted Xyls (ABF-d3). In our research, phylogenetic analysis of available GH43_36 sequences revealed two major clades (GH43_36a and GH43_36b) with an expected substrate specificity difference. The characterized fungal ABF-d3 enzymes aligned with GH43_36a, including the GH43_36 from Humicola insolens (HiABF43_36a). Hereto, the first fungal GH43_36b (from Talaromyces pinophilus) was cloned, purified, and characterized (TpABF43_36b). Surprisingly, TpABF43_36b was found to be active as ABF-m2,3, albeit with a relatively low rate compared to other ABFs tested, and showed minor xylanase activity. Novel specificities were also discovered for the HiABF43_36a, as it also released α-(1→2)-Ara from a disubstitution on the non-reducing end of an arabinoxylooligosaccharide (AXOS), and it was active to a lesser extent as an ABF-m2,3 towards AXOS when the Ara was on the second xylosyl from the non-reducing end. In essence, this work adds new insights into the biorefinery of agricultural residues.     

Immobilization of Lipase B from Candida antarctica in Octyl-Vinyl Sulfone Agarose: Effect of the Enzyme-Support Interactions on Enzyme Activity,Specificity, Structure and Inactivation Pathway

Lipase B from Candida antarctica was immobilized on heterofunctional support octyl agarose activated with vinyl sulfone to prevent enzyme release under drastic conditions. Covalent attachment was established, but the blocking step using hexylamine, ethylenediamine or the amino acids glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp) altered the results. The activities were lower than those observed using the octyl biocatalyst, except when using ethylenediamine as blocking reagent and p-nitrophenol butyrate (pNPB) as substrate. The enzyme stability increased using these new biocatalysts at pH 7 and 9 using all blocking agents (much more significantly at pH 9), while it decreased at pH 5 except when using Gly as blocking agent. The stress inactivation of the biocatalysts decreased the enzyme activity versus three different substrates (pNPB, S-methyl mandelate and triacetin) in a relatively similar fashion. The tryptophane (Trp) fluorescence spectra were different for the biocatalysts, suggesting different enzyme conformations. However, the fluorescence spectra changes during the inactivation were not too different except for the biocatalyst blocked with Asp, suggesting that, except for this biocatalyst, the inactivation pathways may not be so different.     

汽车液力减振器阻力特性的研究评述

介绍了目前被动式液力减振器阻力特性的数学模型和新的研究方法,对影响阻力特性的因素方面的研究情况,并分析了存在的问题。     

应用PCR快速检测食品中沙门氏杆菌方法的研究

本研究利用沙门氏杆菌属特异的inv A基因序列，设计一对特异性的引物，通过PCR反应来检测多种样品中的沙门氏杆菌；反应的特异性和敏感性以及反应的最适条件等试验的结果显示：此PCR方法检测沙门氏菌属的特异性为100％：样品中活菌的检测限为1．43CFU／10g：反应的最佳退火温度是65℃；最适模板浓度范围在10^4～10^8copies／ml。本方法与传统的沙门氏杆菌检测方法以及最近报道的相关方法比较，具有简单、快速、特异性好和敏感性高、经济等特点，并可满足大批样品沙门氏杆菌筛选检测的要求。     

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇人工抗原和多克隆抗体的制备

对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的两种半抗原合成方法进行对比研究,合成半抗原,并采用活化酯法将半抗原与牛血清白蛋白偶联制备得到免疫原,通过特定程序免疫日本大耳白兔获得了多克隆抗体.抗血清效价为1∶32 000,proteinA-sepharose 4B 亲和层析纯化的DON抗体与DON、3-AC-DON(3-乙酰氧基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇)、15-AC-DON(15-乙酰氧基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇)、T-2毒素、OTA(赭曲霉A)、ZEN (玉米赤霉烯酮)的交叉反应率分别为:100%、500%、2.50%、0.10%、0.01%、0.01%,表明了所制备DON抗体的高特异性.     

除草剂莎稗磷多克隆抗体的制备

根据莎稗磷的化学结构特征,设计合成莎稗磷半抗原,采用活化酯法与牛血清白蛋白偶联,免疫新西兰大耳白兔获得抗莎稗磷多克隆抗血清用于免疫分析试验。抗血清效价高达1∶160 000,100μg/L莎稗磷的抑制率达到了59.76%。抗体经Protein A-Sepharose 4B亲和层析柱纯化后,50μg/L莎稗磷的抑制率提高到92%,其它有机磷农药及结构类似化合物与抗体的交叉反应率均小于0.01%,表明了所制备莎稗磷抗体的高特异性。     

The influence of gas velocity, salt type and concentration on transition concentration for bubble coalescence inhibition and gas holdup

The influence of gas velocity (3.5, 10, and 18 mm/s), salt type (NaCl, NaF, NaBr, NaI and CsCl) and salt concentration (0.001-3 M) on bubble coalescence in a small bubble column were studied. The bubble coalescence was determined by the relative change in the measured light intensities passing through the salt solutions and clean deionised water. It was shown that the transition salt concentration for bubble coalescence inhibition (determined at 50% of bubble coalescence) of all investigated salts decreases with increasing superficial gas velocity. The difference in the transition concentration between NaCl, NaF, NaBr and CsCl does not significantly change with the gas velocity. However that difference between NaI and the other salts significantly decreases with increasing the gas velocity. The gas holdup significantly increases with NaCl, NaF, NaBr and CsCl concentrations but does not significantly change with NaI concentration. These new results imply that the transition salt concentration for bubble coalescence and gas holdup depend not only on the salt properties (i.e. the ion type and their combination) as previously reported, but also on the hydrodynamic conditions.     

NONSPECIFICITY IN Rn

Open problems posed by Klir and Wierman (1998) for a nonspecificity measure are solved; the measure is proven additive, and its extension to nonconvex sets given. Several different proofs of additivity are given, to suggest certain techniques of wider applicability in system problems and to motivate further research possibihties. A study is initiated to refine nonspecificity separately to each dimension k≤n for the bodies residing in Rⁿ.