基于计算机图形处理与有限元仿真的前列腺穿刺变形模拟

摘 要：前列腺癌近距离放射治疗是有效治疗前列腺癌的一种微创治疗方法。然而在手术针向前列腺内部植入放射性粒子的过程中,前列腺和周围软组织器官的变形会导致粒子植入偏差。本文运用计算机图像处理与有限元仿真技术,使用患者术前的核磁图像,结合盆腔解剖学知识和三维重建技术,建立前列腺器官群有限元模型,并对粒子植入手术过程进行术前的有限元模拟计算,从而得到目标位置的变形量。有限元计算中的输入量均由实验数据结合有限元软件反求获得。结果表明：模型的穿刺变形量符合术中前列腺变形情况,周边组织器官均能提供有效约束。文章方法可以应用于术前穿刺轨迹规划、剂量规划和手术模拟训练机。     

Facial hexahedral mesh transferring by volumetric mapping based on harmonic fields

Hexahedral mesh has obvious mechanical advantages over tetrahedral mesh, but it is no trivial task to generate hexahedral mesh for complex object shapes such as individual faces. This paper presents a novel method to generate patient-specific hexahedral meshes of facial soft tissue models, based on a volumetric cross-parameterization mapping from a standard hexahedral mesh to the individual model. The volumetric parameterization is constructed based on triple of the volumetric harmonic fields, which are adapted to be as close to mutually orthogonal as possible, to achieve some quasi-conformal effect. In addition, some piecewise constraints on the harmonic fields are added to ensure anatomical feature correspondence. Experimental results show that our approach works efficiently for facial soft tissue modeling, avoids element flipping and preserves mesh element angles to a significant extent.     

心脏补片的生物力学研究评述

细胞移植是心肌组织工程中治疗心肌梗死的一种潜在的治疗方法.心脏补片不仅是种子细胞的载体,还可抑制心脏的膨胀扩张,以促进种子细胞对梗死心肌组织的修复再生.心脏补片的研制已经成为基础与临床医学、材料科学和生物力学等的交叉热点.本文评述了心脏补片的生物力学研究现状,并就本领域今后值得关注的问题进行展望.     

衍射增强成像的若干基础问题研究Ⅰ.衍射增强成像的衬度与X射线能量的关系

为了探讨X射线衍射增强成像的衬度与X射线能量的关系,利用北京同步辐射光源4W1A光束线引出的硬X射线对大块正常和癌变的乳腺组织进行成像研究.在摇摆曲线顶部位置获得的图像(峰位图像)和表观吸收图像的衬度随X射线能量的变化关系是相似的,说明峰位图像和表观吸收图像包含的主要衬度相似,即吸收衬度,而折射图像的衬度随X射线能量的增大总体上呈现下降趋势.综合来看,对于乳腺类的软组织来说,DEI成像在低能量端有很好的衬度,反映了衍射增强成像更适合于主要由轻元素组成的物体的成像.     

基于PLC的湿法毡卷绕控制系统的设计

湿法毡生产线原有的卷绕控制系经过多年的运行,经常出现一些不正常的控制故障且系统的维护任务繁重.本文采用以西门子SIMATIC S7-300 PLC可编程序控制器为核心,以触摸屏为人机界面设计出新的卷绕控制系统替代原来的S5控制系统,实现系统的升级改造.根据工艺要求利用变频器实现了实时完成卷径自动计算的变张力转矩控制模式,解决了原卷绕控制系统存在的卷不紧、卷不齐等问题,提高了卷绕的自动化水平,保证了卷绕系统的可靠性和稳定性,增强了系统的可操作性.     

Non‐linear finite element analysis of mechanical electrochemical phenomena in hydrated soft tissues based on triphasic theory

The well‐accepted triphasic theory for modelling the mechano‐electrochemical phenomena of charged hydrated soft tissue has been limited to infinitesimal deformation problems due to the difficulty of defining a common reference configuration for the whole tissue. In this paper, an imaginary reference configuration for soft tissue under large deformation is established based on the reference configuration of a solid matrix and a Piola transformation of the relative velocities of the fluid and ionic phases. A non‐linear finite element analysis formulation is proposed by applying a weighted residual method to the reformulated governing equations of triphasic theory reformulated in the imaginary reference configuration, with the displacement of the solid, fluid flows, ionic molar flows, hydrostatic pressure, and electrical potential as the unknown variables. After verifying the proposed finite‐element formulation by comparing the results of a linear‐confined compression problem with those obtained by the finite difference method, the numerical analysis of a three‐dimensional free‐swelling problem of articular cartilage with large deformation, and a strong non‐linearity in the material properties is carried out to reproduce the curling behaviour of articular cartilage strips in vitro when submerged in solution baths of various concentrations. The results obtained by finite element analysis are in agreement with those measured experimentally. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of Heating on the Structure of Hyaluronan

1Introduction Hyaluronan(HA)isakindofpolysaccharideofa highmoleculeweightcommonlyexistingintheextra cel lularmatrix(ECM)ofthevertebrate.Recentlymuchre searchhasbeendoneonapplyinghyaluronantothescaf foldintissueengineering[14].Preliminaryresultsofheat degradationhavebeenreportedforHA[5],howeverthe selectingofheatingtemperatureseemsabitrandom.In thisarticle,theauthorselectedtheheatingtemperature fromtheDTAcurve.Sincehyaluronaniscommonlyused underanimalheat(36.5℃40℃),thisstudydoesnot havec…     

手术仿真中基于质点-弹簧模型的人体组织变形仿真

采用质点一弹簧建模方法提出了人体软组织面模型和体模型系统、程式化的计算模型建立方法。将连续的软组织离散为由弹簧偶尼器及与其连接的质点构成的离散系统，用邻接表来表示离散系统的拓扑结构，即弹簧一质点间的邻接关系，依据该信息，可自动建立方程并计算与每个质点连接的弹簧、阻尼器对质点的粘弹性力的贡献，然后采用4阶Runge-Kutta方法对得到的微分方程组进行数值积分。通过小肠模型(面模型)和规则块状软组织模型(体模型)2个实例介绍了采用所提出的方法实施软组织变形仿真的过程。     

不同田间配置方式对水稻穗颈组织的影响

用3个水稻品种在两种行距和两种穴苗数的不同田间配置方式下，观察水稻穗颈组织性状。结果表明，颈横切面积、颈壁面积、总维管束面积3个性状。在不同品种间存在显差异，不同田间配置方式对穗颈组织影响较小。     

Estimation of vegetation water content and photosynthetic tissue area from spectral reflectance: a comparison of indices based on liquid water and chlorophyll absorption features

Because of the high water content of vegetation, water absorption features dominate spectral reflectance of vegetation in the near-infrared region of the spectrum. In comparison to indices based on chlorophyll absorption features (such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)), indices based on the water absorption bands are expected to “see” more deeply into thick canopies and have a preferential sensitivity to thin as opposed to thick tissues. These predictions are based on the much lower absorption coefficients for water in the short wavelength water bands as compared to chlorophyll. Thus, the water bands may have advantages over NDVI for remote sensing of photosynthetic tissues. Previous studies have primarily related water band indices (WI) to leaf area index (LAI). Here we expand the definition of photosynthetic tissues to include thin green stems and fruits and measure a wide range of species to determine the influence of variable tissue morphologies and canopy structures on these relationships. As expected, indices based on reflectance in the water absorption bands in the near infrared were best correlated with the water content of thin tissues (less than 0.5-cm thickness). The choice of wavelength for a water index was much more important for thick than for thin canopies, and the best wavelengths were those where water absorptance was weak to moderate. We identified three wavelength regions (950-970, 1150-1260 and 1520-1540 nm) that produced the best overall correlations with water content. Comparison of these wavelength regions with the atmospheric “windows” where water vapor absorption is minimal suggests that the 1150-1260 and 1520-1540 nm regions would be the best wavelengths for satellite remote sensing of water content. We also developed and tested a new Canopy Structure Index (CSI) that combines the low absorptance water bands with the simple ratio vegetation index (SR) to produce an index with a wider range of sensitivity to photosynthetic tissue area at all canopy thicknesses. CSI was better than either WI or SR alone for prediction of total area of photosynthetic tissues. However, SR was best for prediction of leaf area when other green tissues were excluded. All of these relationships showed good generality across a wide range of species and functional types.