等离子体辅助处理对鹰嘴豆淀粉-姜黄素复合物结构和功能性质的影响

目的 探究等离子体辅助处理对鹰嘴豆淀粉-姜黄素复合物结构及功能性质的影响。方法 采用介质阻挡等离子体技术辅助制备了鹰嘴豆淀粉-姜黄素复合物,运用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪与X-射线衍射仪等仪器手段表征了复合物微观结构、淀粉双螺旋结构和晶体结构,采用体外模型研究了淀粉消化特性。结果 随着等离子体改性时间的增加,淀粉与姜黄素的复合指数逐渐升高,在等离子体处理90 s(电压60.0 V、电流1.0 A)时二者的复合指数最高为28.69%±2.51%,远高于对照组(8.50%±0.78%)。红外光谱显示改性后的淀粉与姜黄素之间氢键作用力增强,且随着等离子体改性时间的延长,特定波数出峰比值R1022/995由0.98降低至0.88,表明改性淀粉与姜黄素复合后的淀粉双螺旋结构有序性逐渐增加;并且复合物的结晶度略有上升,预示着姜黄素的晶体结构在复合物中的占比增加。淀粉体外消化实验表明,与对照组相比,等离子体辅助制备的复合物中淀粉消化速率和程度明显降低,且随着姜黄素复合指数逐渐升高,一阶动力学拟合的消化速率k值由0.085大幅度下降至0.029,快消化淀粉含量下降,慢消化淀粉含量显著升高。结论 ...     

Fat Mimicking Properties of Citric Acid Treated Sweet Potato Starch

Fat mimicking properties of citric acid treated sweet potato starch were investigated in this present study. Citric acid treated sweet potato starch was prepared by treating the native sweet potato starch with 3% citric acid for 6 h at a temperature of 45°C. Dextrose equivalent value of citric acid treated sweet potato starch was 2.05%. A significant increase in amylose content was noticed in citric acid treated sweet potato starch possibly due to the lyses of amylopectin fractions. The melting temperature of citric acid treated sweet potato starch was 51.44°C, which was close to the melting point of fat. Citric acid treated sweet potato starch exhibited superior water holding capacity and in vitro digestibility. Gel strength and enthalpy (?H) of citric acid treated sweet potato starch were comparatively lower than native sweet potato starch; correspondingly, citric acid treated sweet potato starch confirmed a low pasting profile. Native sweet potato starch and citric acid treated sweet potato starch exhibited a shear-thinning behavior. Acid treatment did not alter the granule size of native sweet potato starch (≈8 µm). Hence, this study concluded that citric acid treated sweet potato starch would be used as a potential fat replacer in food preparations due to its fat mimicking properties.     

Evaluation of the Effects of Hydrothermal Treatment on Rice Flour and Its Related Starch

The main aim of this research was to compare the effects of hydrothermal treatment on rice flour and its related rice starch. The treatment was performed at 120°C for 3 and 5 h. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the proteins of hydrothermaled rice flour were denatured and formed clusters and the granules of hydrothermaled rice starch became aggregated and had an irregular surface. The treatment reduced water solubility and water absorption and decreased peak viscosity while increased pasting temperature. It increased the final visosity of modified rice flour while reduced the final viscosity of modified rice starch. Following hydrothermal treatment, the hardness and elasticity of the gels increased. The cohesiveness of rice flour gels decreased while that of the rice starch gels remained unchanged. This study showed how the hydrothermal treatment can have different effects on rice flour and its related rice starch. The effects of hydrothermal treatment on rice flour were stronger than rice starch. Increasing the treatment time from 3 to 5 h was more effective on rice starch.     

木薯淀粉的可控去结晶化研究

为了探究淀粉可控去结晶化的制备技术,本研究以木薯淀粉为原料,系统研究了高温醇碱法处理过程中碱浓度、处理温度、时间以及料液比等条件对木薯淀粉结晶度及晶体结构的影响。结果表明,处理时间及料液比对淀粉去结晶化过程中结晶度的影响是非线性的(料液比与结晶度r=0.14,而处理时间与结晶度r=-0.02),且难于控制其晶型的变化;碱浓度及处理温度对淀粉去结晶化过程中结晶度的影响是线性负相关(碱浓度与结晶度r=-0.97,而处理温度与结晶度r=-0.84),并可有效控制木薯淀粉晶型的变化。随着碱浓度由0.25 mol/L逐渐增大至1.25 mol/L,可有效控制淀粉的晶型由A型转变为无定形状态,使其相对结晶度从23.63%逐渐降至0。因此,高温醇碱法可制备可控去结晶化木薯淀粉。     

瓜尔豆胶对马铃薯淀粉消化性和糊化特性的影响

研究瓜尔豆胶对马铃薯淀粉消化性和糊化特性的影响,采用体外模拟消化性实验测定淀粉的消化性,比较与不同质量比(0:100、1:80、1:40、1:20)的瓜尔豆胶与马铃薯淀粉间糊化特性、热力学特性、结晶结构及微观结构的差异,从而探索瓜尔豆胶对马铃薯淀粉消化性影响的本质原理。研究结果显示:当瓜尔豆胶添加量较低时复配体系经糊化后冷却至37 ℃的体系较易被酶解,抗性淀粉含量低;随着瓜尔豆胶添加量的增大,瓜尔豆胶与淀粉颗粒缠结形成空间位阻从而抑制酶解,复配体系经糊化后冷却至37 ℃的体系不易被酶解,抗性淀粉含量较高。添加瓜尔豆胶增大了马铃薯淀粉的起始糊化温度和峰值温度,提升了马铃薯淀粉的吸热焓,延长糊化过程,增加吸热量。观察复配体系的结晶结构发现加入胶体后复配体系并没有新基团产生,胶体与淀粉间仅为物理作用,同时微观结构观察表明胶体与淀粉作用所形成空间位阻使得淀粉颗粒分布均匀,复配体系呈现出更加均一稳定的结构。     

淀粉老化过程机理及淀粉抗老化剂应用的研究进展

淀粉老化是淀粉糊化过程中分解的直链淀粉和支链淀粉重新连接并形成更加有序结构的过程。淀粉老化是食品老化的主要原因,对淀粉质食品的感官、储存质量、风味等有不利影响。随着食品行业发展,延长食品货架期、保持食品原有风味及口感愈来愈重要。本文介绍了淀粉老化过程,并从老化动力学、热力学和淀粉晶体等方面探讨淀粉老化机理并综述淀粉老化机理研究方法,在此基础上,介绍抗老化剂在食品体系中的应用,为有效抑制淀粉老化,延长食品的货架期提供理论支持。     

重组酶聚合酶恒温扩增结合乳胶微球试纸条快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌

通过建立一种将重组酶聚合酶恒温扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)与乳胶微球试纸条(latex microsphere test strips,LMTS)相结合的方法,快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌。根据金黄色葡萄球菌保守区序列(nuc)设计特异性引物,经RPA扩增后用LMTS检测,确定RPA-LMTS检测金黄色葡萄球菌的灵敏度和特异性。灵敏度结果显示RPA-LMTS检测限为500 fg DNA和1.2×101 CFU/mL纯菌液;特异性结果表明与沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌O157∶H7、志贺氏菌、产气肠杆菌和单增李斯特菌无交叉反应,特异性良好;用食物样品评估RPA-LMTS检测效果,结果显示经过增菌3小时后,RPA-LMTS可检测1.2×100 CFU/mL(g)的金黄色葡萄球菌。     

灵芝孢子和抗性淀粉对糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢及氧化应激的协同干预

目的：探讨灵芝孢子和抗性淀粉对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢及氧化应激的作用和机制。方法：采用链脲佐菌素诱导的方法建立Ⅱ型糖尿病模型,考察灵芝孢子和抗性淀粉对糖尿病大鼠的血糖、血脂及氧化应激指标的影响。结果：抗性淀粉和灵芝孢子均可改善糖尿病大鼠血糖水平,对抗糖尿病引起的氧化应激损伤。抗性淀粉降血糖、抗氧化作用较强,灵芝孢子粉调节大鼠脂代谢紊乱效果明显,抗性淀粉和灵芝孢子协同作用可进一步改善脂代谢水平,增强二者抗氧化能力。结论：抗性淀粉和灵芝孢子粉协同干预模式和传送方式可有效降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平,改善脂代谢紊乱,提高抗氧化应激的能力,可作为一种较好的减缓糖尿病症状的有效饮食干预方法。