焊接与切割设备的使用和维修(七十)——摩擦焊机的使用与维修

讲述摩擦焊机的原理、分类和特点.以C-25A-2型摩擦焊机为例,介绍了其主要技术参数、使用与操作、常见故障原因和排除方法.     

Numerical analysis of friction stir welding process

Friction stir welding (FSW), which has several advantages over the conventional welding processes, is a solid-state welding process where no gross melting of the material being welded takes place. Despite significant advances over the last decade, the fundamental knowledge of thermomechanical processes during FSW is still not completely understood. To gain physical insight into the FSW process and the evaluation of the critical parameters, the development of models and simulation techniques is a necessity. In this article, the available literature on modeling of FSW has been reviewed followed by details of an attempt to understand the interaction between process parameters from a simulation study, performed using commercially available nonlinear finite element (FE) code DEFORM. The distributions of temperature, residual stress, strain, and strain rates were analyzed across various regions of the weld apart from material flow as a means of evaluating process efficiency and the quality of the weld. The distribution of process parameters is of importance in the prediction of the occurrence of welding defects, and to locate areas of concern for the metallurgist. The suitability of this modeling tool to simulate the FSW process has been discussed. The lack of the detailed material constitutive information and other thermal and physical properties at conditions such as very high strain rates and elevated temperatures seems to be the limiting factor while modeling the FSW process.     

Fe_3Al基摩擦材料的烧结致密化过程研究

利用热压烧结方法制备了以Fe3Al金属间化合物为基体,以Cu、石墨、MoS2、Al2O3为添加剂的一种复合摩擦材料,并对其烧结致密化过程以及影响因素进行了试验研究。结果表明,材料的致密化过程受到原始粉料组成、粒度以及烧结工艺参数(如烧结温度、压力、保温时间)等多种因素的共同影响,其中Cu的液相烧结在材料致密化过程中起到重要作用。最佳工艺参数为:烧结温度1 050￣1 100℃,压力10￣12 MPa,保压20￣30 min,保温45￣60 min,此时致密度为90%￣95%。烧结过程中未发现晶粒异常长大,经1 050℃烧结1 h的摩擦材料中Fe3Al的晶粒尺寸为400￣600 nm。     

Dry friction and wear characteristics of MoSi2 against ahoy steels

The dry friction and wear characteristics of three kinds of friction couples under different loads, MoSi2/45 tempered steel, MoSi2/45 quenched steel, and MoSi2/CrWMn steel, were investigated by using a friction and wear tester. SEM and X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze the microphotograph of the worn surface and the phase of worn pieces in order to reveal the wear mechanisms of MoSi2 material. The results show that MoSi2/CrWMn steel friction pair has good dry friction and wear properties under the load of 80 N, where the friction coefficient is 0.255 and the wear rate of MoSi2 is only 14.72 mg.km-1. But under the load of 150 N, it is MoSi2/45 tempered steel friction pair that has good tribological properties,MoSi2 under low loads is brittle fracture. With the increase of load, the main wear mechanism of MoSi2 against 45 quenched steel or CrWMn steel is adhesive wear. However, the wear mechanism of MoSi2 against 45 tempered steel is changed from oxidation-fatigue wear to adhesive wear.     

LF2铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头的组织与性能

对10 mm厚LF2铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接进行了研究.结果表明:焊接厚板时,为防止出现隧道型缺陷,须在较低的焊速和转速下进行.当焊速为9 mm/min,转速为950 r/mln,焊接输入能量为6 230 W时,接头强度值最高,其值与母材强度值相等.接头处由平均尺寸约为15 μm的均匀细小的晶粒组成;热影响区平均晶粒尺寸较大,其最大值约为28 μm;热机械影响区内组织细长,局部区域最大长度可达到85 μm.焊核区平均硬度与母材相当,中心最高硬度可达HV95,近缝区硬度低于母材硬度.     

Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction in polycrystalline copper

An attempt has been made to measure the temperature dependence of dynamic Young’s modulus together with the related variation of internal friction in polycrystalline copper. A mechanical spectroscopy study was employed using a standard servo hydraulic fatigue testing machine equipped with a scanning laser extensometer. Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction were measured over a temperature range of 298 to 873 K at very low frequencies of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 Hz. One internal friction peak was observed over the ranges 450 to 700 K, together with marked decreases in the dynamic Young’s modulus in the same temperature range. From a quantitative analysis of the experimental data with the relaxation strength, relaxation time, and activation energy, it is concluded that the peak phenomenon is due to grain-boundary sliding relaxation.     

四辊轧机辊系间的轴向摩擦力对辊系轴承寿命的影响

四辊轧机工作辊轴承和支承辊止推轴承失效的主要原因是它们在工作中所受的轴向载荷过大。工作辊与支承辊轴线的不平行引起其接触面的轴向相对滑动 ,由此产生轴向滑动摩擦力 ,使轧辊轴承最终失效。通过对辊系的分析 ,给出了解决该问题的新的设计思路 ,对新轧机的设计和旧轧机的改造具有指导意义     

世界钛及钛合金产业现状及发展趋势

总结和阐述了近年来世界各国钛及钛合金的发展现状和未来发展趋势。重点描述了近年来钛及钛合金最新制备及加工技术的发展和应用, 主要包括钛及钛合金的冶炼提取、熔炼铸造、最新加工方法、热处理规范以及在航空航天、舰船、化工、生物及医用材料、汽车、体育等领域的发展和应用。通过对钛及钛合金近年来发展现状的了解, 结合钛研制开发过程中出现的一些问题, 简要分析了钛及钛合金的几个主要的发展方向及趋势。     

淬火状态下45钢线性摩擦焊接头的组织变化及性能特点

对淬火状态下的45钢进行了线性摩擦焊接试验,分析了焊接接头的组织变化特点,并对接头的拉伸性能和显微硬度进行了测试.结果表明,接头分为明显的焊缝区、热-结构影响区和热影响区三个区.与母材的马氏体组织相比,接头发生了明显的组织转变,并表现出一定的显微硬度分布.接头的拉伸性能优于母材.     

圆管扩径力的解析

采用主应力法推导圆管扩径时扩径力的解析式.计算结果表明扩径力随扩径系数ψ或组合参数B的增大而增大.进行扩径实验并实测了扩径力;根据部分扩径力实测参数反算了相应的摩擦系数;并采用解析式和平均摩擦系数预报了不同顶锥锥角时的扩径力.当顶锥锥角较小时,扩径力计算值与实测值符合较好.