Strengthening of the concrete face slabs of dams using sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious composites

In this study, sprayable strain-hardening fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) were applied to strengthen the concrete slabs in a concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) for the first time. Experimental, numerical, and analytical investigations were carried out to understand the flexural properties of FRCC-layered concrete slabs. It was found that the FRCC layer improved the flexural performance of concrete slabs significantly. The cracking and ultimate loads of a concrete slab with an 80 mm FRCC layer were 132% and 69% higher than those of the unstrengthened concrete slab, respectively. At the maximum crack width of 0.2 mm, the deflection of the 80-mm FRCC strengthened concrete slab was 144% higher than that of the unstrengthened concrete slab. In addition, a FE model and a simplified analytical method were developed for the design and analysis of FRCC-layered concrete slabs. Finally, the test result of FRCC leaching solution indicated that the quality of the water surrounding FRCC satisfied the standard for drinking water. The findings of this study indicate that the sprayable strain-hardening FRCC has a good potential for strengthening hydraulic structures such as CFRDs.     

辊弯成形中成形力的理论分析和有限元仿真

基于板料为幂次强化材料模型的假定,根据外力做功与板料变形所消耗的内功相等的原理,建立了辊弯成形的理论分析模型,得出了成形力的数学计算公式,分析了各工艺参数对成形力的影响趋势。为了验证理论计算的有效性,建立了辊弯成形有限元仿真模型,对U型材的辊弯成形过程进行了有限元仿真计算。结果表明,成形力的理论计算结果和有限元仿真数据吻合良好;采用成形力计算公式的计算结果与现有文献中的实验测试数据符合程度较好。     

基体组分优化对纤维水泥基复合材料应变硬化性能的影响

纤维增强复合材料(FRCC)在负荷下具有应变硬化和多裂缝类型特征,然而,并不是所有水泥基材料中加入一定量纤维就可得到应变硬化性能,基体组分,加工制作过程的不同和基体缺陷的差异影响着应变硬化的稳定性。依据取得应变硬化行为的微观力学模型和其他一些研究方法,探讨了水灰比、骨料、矿物掺合料、基体缺陷等因素变化对FRCC应变硬化能力的影响。结果表明:在微观力学模型的指导下,优化基体材料的组分能够稳定的取得应变硬化的行为。     

煤岩体的弹塑脆性本构模型及其数值试验

为了准确预测岩石破损区的发生时间和扩展情况,在岩石材料的非均匀特性基础上,建立了一个具有应变硬化的弹塑脆性本构模型,同时编写了相应的有限元计算程序并对其模块化,并通过预置裂纹板的拉伸试验和岩样单轴受压试验来验证该模型。结果表明：所建立的数值模型是可靠的,可以较精确模拟裂纹扩展情况与局部化剪切带的发展模式。新本构中的应变硬化阶段,可以在破坏之前看出应力集中和单元屈服情况,尤其可以区分拉破坏和屈服后的剪破坏。     

PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料热处理后的力学性能

为了促进聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)在热环境工程领域中的应用,通过狗骨试件拉伸试验,研究了高粉煤灰掺量的PVA-ECC热处理后的力学性能变化;采用单纤维抗拉试验、单纤维拔出试验以及单裂缝拉伸试验研究了PVA-ECC性能提升的机制。结果表明:在不高于200℃的热处理后,PVA-ECC仍能实现多裂缝开裂,相比20℃,50、100、200℃热处理后的PVA-ECC复合材料的拉伸力学性能提高,其幅度为100℃> 50℃> 200℃;纤维强度不是PVA-ECC抗拉性能变化的控制因素,适当的温度处理提高了纤维与基体的化学黏结力和摩擦力,从而提高了纤维的桥接作用和裂缝的余能,进而提高了PVA-ECC的抗拉性能和摩擦耗能能力。PVA-ECC性能变化的机制分析为PVA-ECC工程设计提供了良好的理论基础。      

高性能纤维混凝土轴拉性能简易评价模型

为了简化混凝土的轴拉力学性能分析过程,首先采用混杂纤维技术制备出了具有优异变形性能的高性能纤维混凝土,然后以四点弯曲试验为基础,结合理论分析和数值计算分析,建立了高性能纤维混凝土的轴拉性能简易评价模型,并采用实测结果对其准确性进行了检验.结果表明,所制备的混杂纤维混凝土在弯拉测试过程中试件的跨中底部和轴拉测试过程中试件的中部均出现了多缝开裂的现象;硅灰的掺入导致强度和变形性能均提高,而当纤维掺量过大时,弯拉强度虽有明显提高,但是其变形能力和抗拉强度基本保持不变;虽然极限拉应变的预估偏差要大于极限抗拉强度的预估偏差,但总体来讲二者与实测值都较接近,预估模型不仅具有较高的准确性,而且大大简化了评价过程.     

不锈钢管力学性能的拉伸试验

通过单向拉伸试验获得7种规格的21-6-9不锈钢管及3种规格的321不锈钢管的基本力学性能参数,21-6-9不锈钢管强度高、塑性差,其力学性能特征不利于拉深、弯曲等塑性成形;与21-6-9不锈钢管相比,321不锈钢管强度低、塑性好。分别通过弧形试样拉伸试验和管段试样拉伸试验,获取了Φ1.25mm×0.02mm厚的规格21-6-9不锈钢管的力学性能参数,发现由管段试样获得的延伸率大于弧形试样获得的延伸率,其屈服强度及抗拉强度略小于弧形试样获得的屈服强度及抗拉强度。由于弧形试样拉伸过程中,试样受到的并不是单向应力状态,因此管段试样获得的结果更准确。     

The construction of constitutive relations for isotropic strain-hardening elastoplastic materials of the differential type of complexity <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>. Part 2. Infinitesimal strains

A method of specialization of the physical equations constructed earlier by the author for isotropic hardening elastoplastic materials of the differential type of complexity n for finite strains is developed within the theory of infinitesimal strains. With this method, a number of constitutive relations are derived in the form of the hierarchy according to the level of complexity of the material response to deformation. For n = 1, the conditions for the existence of a loading surface are established. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 4, pp. 29–47, July–August, 2009.     

Deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization of Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr alloy

The characteristics of dynamic recrystallization （DRX） in Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr-RE magnesium alloy were investigated by compression tests at temperatures between 523 and 723 K and at strain rates ranging from 0.002 to 1 s^-1 with maximum strain of 0.693. The strainhardening rate can be obtained from true stress-true strain curves, plots of θ-σ, -（δθ/δσ-）-a and lnθ-σ in different compression conditions were obtained by further study. The critical condition of the onset of DRX process was determined as （（δ/δσ（ δθ/δσ））=0. In the range of the above deformation temperature and strain rate, the ratio of critical stress （σc） to peak stress （σm） and critical strain （εc） to the peak strain （εm） stood at σc/σm=0.62-0.89 and εc/εm=0.11-0.37, respectively. DRX could be observed during hot detormation process, microstructure evolution of the magnesium alloy at different temperatures and strain rates were studied with the aid of optical microscope（OM）, and the average recrystallized grain size was measured by means of intercepts on photomicrographs. It was shown that the average dynamically recrystallized grain size （drew） changed with different deformation parameters, the natural logarithm of the average recrystallized grain size varied linearly with the natural logarithm of Zener-Hollomon parameter; the peak stress changed with the average recrystallized grain size, and the natural logarithm of the average recrystallized grain size varied linearly with the natural logarithm of the peak stress.     

Enhancement of work‐hardening behavior of dual phase steel by heat treatment

The work‐hardening response and mechanical properties of dual phase steels originated from different initial microstructures under low and high martensite volume fractions were investigated using a typical carbon‐manganese steel. The modified Crussard‐Jaoul analysis was used for studying the work‐hardening stages and the deformation behavior of ferrite and martensite. It was revealed that the initial martensitic microstructure before intercritical annealing is much better than the full annealed banded ferritic‐pearlitic and spheroidized microstructures in terms of work‐hardening capacity and strength‐ductility trade off. By increasing the amount of martensite, via intercritical annealing at higher temperatures, the ductility decreased but the tensile toughness of dual phase steels increased toward reaching the domain of extra‐advanced high‐strength steels due to the enhancement of work‐hardening rate.