The hawk/goose story: The classical ethological experiments of Lorenz and Tinbergen, revisited.

We present a historical account of the story behind the famous hawk/goose experiments of Lorenz and Tinbergen in a wider context of cognitive ethology. We discuss their significance, for ethological experimentation in general, and specifically for understanding innate constraints on cognition. As examples of the continuing significance of the hawk/goose paradigm of selective habituation, we discuss its relation to “exposure therapy” of human phobias and the use of hawk silhouettes as deterrents for songbirds. Finally we rephrase Uexküll's thesis of taxon-specific worlds (“Umwelten”) as a “Theory of World.” (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Study of silicon photomultipliers fast amplifier and thermoregulation

The silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are adopted in various physical applications, from medical physics to astrophysics, for their advantages in terms of cost and weight with respect to traditional photo detectors. Their low bias voltage supply (about 30 V), hardiness and resistance to magnetic field are ideal characteristics for space application. In the frame of INFN-Irst collaboration, some of them have been developed and produced at FBK (Trento-Italy), and have been characterized in the INFN laboratories of Bologna (DaSiPM2 collaboration).The SiPM can be used in conjunction with fibres and counters in high energy physics experiments. To exploit the SiPM time resolution, a fast amplifier has been studied. The SiPM gain depends critically on temperature and a thermal stabilization is also necessary. The use of a thermoelectric cooler module based on a Peltier cell has been investigated, and the results are shown.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of protein–DNA interactions

Recent methodological and instrumental advances in solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance have opened up the way to investigating challenging problems in structural biology such as large macromolecular complexes. This review focuses on the experimental strategies currently employed to solve structures of protein–DNA complexes and to analyse their dynamics. It highlights how these approaches can help in understanding detailed molecular mechanisms of target recognition.     

A robust design to reduce variability in glass container inspection

This article presents research efforts made to assist a Fortune 500 glassmaker in reducing the variability of its automated visual inspection systems in assessing product quality. Through interviewing line workers, engineers and managers, and direct observations of the inspection process possible causes leading to large variability observed in the inspection process were identified. Responding to these findings, solutions related to equipment setup, job changes, and operational procedures were suggested in order to minimize the inspection process variations as well as to improve the replicability of the inspection stations. Additionally, a unique statistical experiment was conducted to analyze how three factors (namely, operator, defect size, and threshold value used) would affect the mean of the defective ratio. A robust design aiming at controlling these variations was then given to optimize the system's performance.     

提高全钢结构的结构效率实现钢结构的核心价值

首先,论述全钢结构的三大核心价值——最轻的结构、最短的工期和最好的延性;然后,阐述结构分类与创新;最后,对中、外大型全钢结构的结构效率进行了对比。说明全钢结构设计的关键是正确选择结构方案,方案选错,优化无用。     

Photonic Crystal Palette of Binary Block Copolymer Blends for Full Visible Structural Color Encryption

Structural color (SC) arising from a periodically ordered self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) photonic crystal (PC) is useful for reflective-mode sensing displays owing to its capability of stimuli-responsive structure alteration. However, a set of PC inks, each providing a precisely addressable SC in the full visible range, has rarely been demonstrated. Here, a strategy for developing BCP PC inks with tunable structures is presented. This involves solution-blending of two lamellar-forming BCPs with different molecular weights. By controlling the mixing ratio of the two BCPs, a thin 1D BCP PC film is developed with alternating in-plane lamellae whose periodicity varies linearly from ≈46 to ≈91 nm. Subsequent preferential swelling of one-type lamellae with either solvent or non-volatile ionic liquid causes the photonic band gap of the films to red-shift, giving rise to full-visible-range SC correlated with the pristine nanostructures of the blended films in both liquid and solid states. The BCP PC palette of solution-blended binary solutions is conveniently employed in various coating processes, allowing facile development of BCP SC on the targeted surface. Furthermore, full-color SC paintings are realized with their transparent PC inks, facilitating low-power pattern encryption.     

Band alignment in organic light emitting diodes - On the track of thickness dependent onset voltage shifts

In this paper we report on an unclear effect in the IV characteristics of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). When the thickness of the emitter layer based on a modified phenyl carbozole triplet host material (TH) in the device is increased, a significant shift of the onset voltage to higher values can be noticed. The voltage shift is not observed if the TH is substituted by an isomer with only minor variation of the molecular structure. In a previous publication we could already show that an electric interface field is necessary to describe the onset voltage behaviour. To find the origin of this interface field in the present publication the two isomers are characterized and the band alignment at the interfaces to the emitter layer is investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. The interface energy diagrams have been measured on stepwise prepared model interfaces. A further simplification of the bipolar to a hole only device stack proofs, that band bending at the hole injecting interface to the TH layer is the origin of the interface field. In contrast an entire flat band situation is measured in case of the device using the other isomer showing no onset voltage shift.     

基于用户偏好的嵌入性网络结构分析

嵌入性是社会网络分析的核心思想,现有的互联网结构研究抛开理论思想只借用社会网络分析方法,不利于从深层次上理解和挖掘用户行为与网络结构之间的关系.本文针对二元关系框架分析互联网深层结构的局限性,构建了基于用户偏好的网络行为分析框架,提出了嵌入性网络结构的观点,分析了用户行为与其所处的互联网及现实社会关系网络之间的双重嵌入关系.从关系性嵌入和结构性嵌入两个维度给出了一系列测度指标和分析方法,为分析互联网深层次的网络结构提供了新的研究思路.     

基于压缩感知与结构自相似性的遥感图像超分辨率方法

本文提出了一种基于压缩感知、结构自相似性和字典学习的遥感图像超分辨率方法,其基本思路是建立能够稀疏表示原始高分辨率图像块的字典。实现超分辨率所必需的附加信息来源于遥感图像中广泛存在的自相似结构,该信息可在压缩感知框架下通过字典学习而得到。这里,本文采用K-SVD方法构建字典、并采用OMP方法获取用于稀疏表达的相关系数。与现有基于样本的超分辨率方法的最大不同在于,本文方法仅使用了低分辨率图像及其插值图像,而不需要使用其它高分辨率图像。另外,为了评价方法的效果,本文还引入了一个衡量图像结构自相似性程度的新型指标SSSIM。对比实验结果表明,本文方法具有更好的超分辨率重构效果和运算效率,并且SSSIM指标与超分辨率重构效果具有较强的相关性。      

Digital Laser Micropainting for Reprogrammable Optoelectronic Applications

Structural coloration is closely related to the progress of innovative optoelectronic applications, but the absence of direct, on-demand, and rewritable coloration schemes has impeded advances in the relevant area, particularly including the development of customized, reprogrammable optoelectronic devices. To overcome these limitations, a digital laser micropainting technique, based on controlled thin-film interference, is proposed through direct growth of the absorbing metal oxide layer on a metallic reflector in the solution environment via a laser. A continuous-wave laser simultaneously performs two functions—a photothermal reaction for site-selective metal oxide layer growth and in situ real-time monitoring of its thickness—while the reflection spectrum is tuned in a broad visible spectrum according to the laser fluence. The scalability and controllability of the proposed scheme is verified by laser-printed painting, while altering the thickness via supplementary irradiation of the identical laser in the homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions facilitates the modification of the original coloration. Finally, the proof-of-concept bolometer device verifies that specific wavelength-dependent photoresponsivity can be assigned, erased, and reassigned by the successive application of the proposed digital laser micropainting technique, which substantiates its potential to offer a new route for reprogrammable optoelectronic applications.