Directed Evolution of Phi Class Glutathione Transferases Involved in Multiple-Herbicide Resistance of Grass Weeds and Crops

The extensive application of herbicides in crop cultivation has indisputably led to the emergence of weed populations characterized by multiple herbicide resistance (MHR). This phenomenon is associated with the enhanced metabolism and detoxifying ability of endogenous enzymes, such as phi class glutathione transferases (GSTFs). In the present work, a library of mutant GSTFs was created by in vitro directed evolution via DNA shuffling. Selected gstf genes from the weeds Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium rigidum, and the cereal crops Triticum durum and Hordeum vulgare were recombined to forge a library of novel chimeric GSTFs. The library was activity screened and the best-performing enzyme variants were purified and characterized. The work allowed the identification of enzyme variants that exhibit an eight-fold improvement in their catalytic efficiency, higher thermal stability (8.3 °C) and three-times higher inhibition sensitivity towards the herbicide butachlor. The crystal structures of the best-performing enzyme variants were determined by X-ray crystallography. Structural analysis allowed the identification of specific structural elements that are responsible for k_cat regulation, thermal stability and inhibition potency. These improved novel enzymes hold the potential for utilization in biocatalysis and green biotechnology applications. The results of the present work contribute significantly to our knowledge of the structure and function of phi class plant GSTs and shed light on their involvement in the mechanisms of MHR.     

架空输电线路环境荷载响应与设计理论的研究

我国地域广阔, 气候跨区域变化较大, 地形地貌复杂多变, 各地区风、雨以及导线覆冰的分布规律千差万别。由于目前环境荷载因素对输电塔线结构的严重破坏频繁发生, 造成了巨大的经济损失。因此, 有必要建立输电塔线结构环境荷载响应分析理论和进行设计优化, 提高其结构设计的规范水准, 并加强灾害监测控制。这对减轻环境荷载造成的输电塔线结构的灾害具有不可估量的作用。     

基于DFB激光器的振动传感系统改进PGC解调算法

相位生成载波(Phase Generated Carrier, PGC)解调算法是目前光纤干涉传感领域中重要的解调算法。针对目前PGC解调算法中光强扰动和调制深度影响信号解调准确度的问题,提出了一种改进的PGC解调算法(PGC-Ameliorated),并搭建了基于分布反馈(Distributed Feedback, DFB)激光器的振动传感系统进行实验验证。实验结果表明,当被测振动信号的频率为800 Hz时,该算法信噪比为57 dB,优于微分交叉相乘(Differential and Cross Multiplying, DCM)算法和反正切(Arctan)算法近20 dB。在不同光强下,该算法解调信号幅值波动范围在±0.02 rad;在不同调制深度下,该算法总谐波失真最小为0.61%,信纳比最大为25.9 dB,相比于DCM算法和Arctan算法具有更低的总谐波失真和更高的信纳比。     

OPGW与ADSS在电力系统中的应用

介绍电力系统特种光缆OPGW(架空地线复合光缆)和APSS(全介质自承式光缆)的特点、结构对性能的影响,同时分析了两种光缆在应用中的差异,并介绍了两种光缆在应用中应注意的一些问题。     

高层长途电信枢纽楼几种典型结构体系技术经济比较

通过对信息产业部设计院及北京邮电设计院近几年设计完成的几种长途电信枢纽楼结构设计进行分析、研究、归纳出几种典型结构体系在不同高度、不同地震设防烈度情况下的技术性能及经济指标。指出了可供电信枢纽楼结构体系选择时参考的倾向性意见。     

MDYB-3有机玻璃裂纹扩展温度效应试验研究

随着对飞机性能要求的提高,对机用有机玻璃的要求愈来愈高.目前飞机舱盖玻璃表面温度在-55℃～100℃范围内变化,因此,研究飞机舱盖MDYB-3有机玻璃温度效应具有十分重要的意义.文中采用CT(compact tension)试样对MDYB-3有机玻璃在-50℃～90℃范围内进行裂纹扩展试验,研究温度对MDYB-3有机玻璃裂纹扩展速率的影响.应用线弹性断裂力学理论,分析不同环境温度下裂纹扩展速率与等效应力强度因子ΔK之间的关系.试验结果表明,MDYB-3有机玻璃随着温度升高,裂纹扩展速率减小,断裂韧度增大;低温时MDYB-3有机玻璃表现为脆性,裂纹扩展十分平滑,断面垂直于拉伸方向,温度较高时MDYB-3有机玻璃表现为粘性,裂纹扩展面凹凸不平.     

充电器大功率变压器的设计

介绍开关电源高频大功率变压器设计的材料选择、计算方法和过程,并给出了一个充电器大功率变压器的设计实例,实验证明该变压器符合实际要求。     

Structural and Molecular Kinetic Features of Activities of DNA Polymerases

DNA polymerases catalyze DNA synthesis during the replication, repair, and recombination of DNA. Based on phylogenetic analysis and primary protein sequences, DNA polymerases have been categorized into seven families: A, B, C, D, X, Y, and RT. This review presents generalized data on the catalytic mechanism of action of DNA polymerases. The structural features of different DNA polymerase families are described in detail. The discussion highlights the kinetics and conformational dynamics of DNA polymerases from all known polymerase families during DNA synthesis.     

新构造活动对松辽盆地含油气系统的影响

通过对新构造活动的研究以辽盆地第三系地层构造变表的椭球体应变分析，发现在老第三系地层沉积中晚期，挤压应力方向发展了由南北到近东西向的变化；表现出地层分布局限、充填碎屑粗、隆起剥蚀区可作为物源区等特点；明末后的压陷盆地沉积过程，为松辽盆地中浅层形成构造并不断壮大的过程，为油气的聚集提供了良好的圈闭，压陷盆地的沉积为中浅层生烃高峰期也有利于油气的保存，挤压力方向的改变导致了中浅层不同方向的老断层开启，开辟了多方位的油气运移的通道；进而实现了油气的生成、运移、聚集和保存的良好匹配。