乳酸菌复合发酵大蒜风味、活性成分和微生物种群变化分析

本文以大蒜为研究对象,添加植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌等三种乳酸菌发酵大蒜,分析乳酸菌复合发酵大蒜在风味、活性成分和微生物种群变化等方面的特征,为大规模的大蒜发酵生产提供参考。结果显示,发酵30 d后蒜味逐渐消失,并产生香味,口感显著改善;开始发酵后,发酵液p H下降明显,10 d以后发酵液的p H基本保持在4左右;发酵开始后,SOD酶活性有所增加,并保持在250 U的较高水平;细菌群落以添加的三种乳酸菌为主,发酵开始时还伴有肠杆菌、不动杆菌、寡养单胞菌、芽孢杆菌,但发酵后期没检测到肠杆菌、不动杆菌、寡养单胞菌,只检测到三种乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌,而且乳酸菌除了刚发酵时有所降低,其他时间一直保持在较高水平。本文为乳酸复合发酵大蒜的产品开发提供了研究基础。      

Insect Gut Bacteria Promoting the Growth of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Simple SummaryA new sources of plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria are needed to increase the agricultural crops without increasing the usage of chemicals. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that insect-gut bacteria promote tomato plant growth. The insect gut bacteria were screened for the presence of PGP traits. The plants treated with bacterial consortium showed a significant increase in fruit yield, in both number of fruits (+41%) and weight of fruits (+44%). Our results showed that: (i) D. virgifera gut’s bacteria significantly promote the growth of tomato plants, and (ii) bacteria other than plant-related can be considered as PGP. It must be underlined that even though the insect gut bacteria were proven to stimulate the plant’s growth, their practical usage must be preceded by an examination of their influence on ecological and biological safety.AbstractWe investigated gut bacteria from three insect species for the presence of plant growth properties (PGP). Out of 146 bacterial strains obtained from 20 adult specimens of Scolytidae sp., 50 specimens of Oulema melanopus, and 150 specimens of Diabrotica virgifera, we selected 11 strains displaying the following: PGP, phosphate solubility, production of cellulase, siderophore, lipase, protease, and hydrogen cyanide. The strains were tested for growth promotion ability on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Each strain was tested individually, and all strains were tested together as a bacterial consortium. Tomato fruit yield was compared with the negative control. The plants treated with bacterial consortium showed a significant increase in fruit yield, in both number of fruits (+41%) and weight of fruits (+44%). The second highest yield was obtained for treatment with Serratia liquefaciens Dv032 strain, where the number and weight of yielded fruits increased by 35% and 30%, respectively. All selected 11 strains were obtained from Western Corn Rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera. The consortium comprised: Ewingella americana, Lactococcus garvieae, L. lactis, Pseudomonas putida, Serratia liquefaciens, and S. plymuthica. To our knowledge, this is the first successful application of D. virgifera gut bacteria for tomato plant growth stimulation that has been described.     

肉品中菌落总数和大肠菌群快速检测试纸片的研究

对肉品中菌落总数和大肠菌群快速检测试纸片进行了研究.选择中速定性滤纸为材料,分别浸入经不同特殊处理(不同浓度的TTC、琼脂、NaCl)的培养基中,40℃下烘干制得试纸片;将所制得的菌悬液涂布于成份不同的试纸片上,于32℃,培养20h(试纸片法),或涂布于平板计数琼脂上,于32℃,培养48h(国标法),然后计数,将二者得到的数据进行比较.结果表明:试纸片法与国标法具有很高的相似性.在100ml培养基中,TTC的浓度为0.02‰时试纸片的显色情况最好,生成的红色菌落数目最多.菌落生长受琼脂浓度的影响,当琼脂的浓度高于或低于0.15%时,细菌生长速度逐渐减慢.NaCl的浓度在0.4%时菌落生长呈现最好势态.     

产低温纤维素酶南极细菌的筛选、生长特性及酶学性质的初步研究

以南极海冰细菌作为实验材料,用刚果红染色和发酵培养法从64株细菌中筛选得到产纤维素酶菌株Pseudoalteromonassp.545。经生长条件优化,该菌以麦芽糖为碳源,蛋白胨为氮源,初始生长pH为8.0,10℃培养96h时产酶最高。对菌株粗酶液进行酶学性质初步研究,此酶在pH9.0、35℃下反应40min时酶活最高。另外,该菌株所产纤维素酶在0～60℃范围内均有活性,属于低温酶。     

复配菌对原油除蜡降黏效果分析

为提高含蜡原油流动性能,从辽河油田附近经受原油污染的土壤中筛选出两株原油降解菌。经过16S rRNA基因序列比对鉴定,菌株为纤维微菌属(Cellulosimicrobiumsp.)和假单孢菌(Pseudomonassp.),命名为7#和12#。将筛选出的7#菌与12#菌优化复配使用,研究结果表明:复配菌对液体石蜡有乳化效果,当复配菌体积比为1∶1时,乳化率最高达到77.5%;最适的生长温度为35～40℃,p H=6～8,最佳接种量(体积分数)为4%,复配菌体积比为1∶1,且培养基在初始pH,即pH=7时复配菌生长状态最佳。复配菌在37℃,pH=7条件下对原油处理7 d后,除蜡率为61.32%,降黏率达到31.58%;显微镜观察蜡晶变小,进一步说明菌株能够降解石蜡,破坏蜡晶结构,提高含蜡原油的流动性能。     

Differences in Soil Properties and Bacterial Communities between the Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil and among Different Production Areas of the Medicinal Plant Fritillaria thunbergii

To explore rhizosphere effects, geographical differences and their effects on the bacterial community associated with the geoherb Fritillaria thunbergii, some physicochemical properties of soil samples (3 sampling sites × 2 habitats (rhizosphere and bulk soil)) were measured and the soil bacterial community detected by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Among the three regions, soil pH varied between 4.48 and 7.73 indicating that F. thunbergii could grow both in acid and slightly alkaline soil. As the authentic Dao-di producing area, Ningbo showed the highest soil quality with the highest content of organic matter (OM) (2.46%), phosphatase (268 mg kg(-1) 24 h(-1)) and urease activity (1481 mg kg(-1) 24 h(-1)). In comparison with the bulk soil, pH, organic carbon content, and phosphatase and urease activities were all lower in the rhizosphere, suggesting that the roots may secrete some unique metabolites in root exudates. Statistical analyses showed that soil properties of Ningbo and Panan in Zhejiang province were more similar to each other than those in Nantong in Jiangsu province. In addition, PCR-DGGE analysis showed that main bacterial population identified in F. thunbergii was proteobacteria (18 bands, 55%), acidobacteria (4, 12%), actinobacteria (4, 12%) and bacterioidetes (6, 18%). Overall, soil properties and microbial communities varied not only between the rhizosphere and bulk soil but also among the three regions. We suggest that the plant, together with the soil properties, cooperatively shape the structure of the rhizosphere bacteria, and that the soil properties have a close relationship with the geoherbalism of F. thunbergii.     

Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Antagonistic Bacteria against Phytophthora nicotianae Isolated from Tobacco Rhizosphere

The genetic diversity of antagonistic bacteria from the tobacco rhizosphere was examined by BOXAIR-PCR, 16S-RFLP, 16S rRNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis methods. These studies revealed that 4.01% of the 6652 tested had some inhibitory activity against Phytophthora nicotianae. BOXAIR-PCR analysis revealed 35 distinct amplimers aligning at a 91% similarity level, reflecting a high degree of genotypic diversity among the antagonistic bacteria. A total of 25 16S-RFLP patterns were identified representing over 33 species from 17 different genera. Our results also found a significant amount of bacterial diversity among the antagonistic bacteria compared to other published reports. For the first time; Delftia tsuruhatensis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Advenella incenata, Bacillus altitudinis, Kocuria palustris, Bacillus licheniformis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Myroides odoratimimus are reported to display antagonistic activity towards Phytophthora nicotianae. Furthermore, the majority (75%) of the isolates assayed for antagonistic activity were Gram-positives compared to only 25% that were Gram-negative bacteria.     

基于SiO2材料的细胞固定化研究及应用

基于SiO2的材料主要由烷氧基与水溶性方法合成：前者主要以TMOS或TEOS为SiO2前躯体,并用其它有机硅化合物,甘油和海藻酸钙等对其进行进行修饰或复合,后者主要以硅酸钠溶液与胶体SiO2为硅源。这种材料可以包埋微生物,植物细胞,动物细胞,包埋后的生物复合材料则成为生物反应器,生物传感器,生物催化剂,人造生物器官等,它们可用于工业化学合成、信号监测、废水处理和细胞治疗。     

光合细菌对土壤中Cd形态分布的影响

研究了光合细菌球形红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)在不同理化因素下对土壤中重金属镉形态分布的影响.结果表明,该菌株影响土壤中Cd形态分布的最佳条件为:pH 7、温度35℃及加菌量106个/g土.在最佳条件下,光合细菌能最大降低生物可利用性的Cd形态含量和最大提高生物不可利用性的Cd形态含量.因此...