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81.
Due to their superior thermal and chemical stability, polyimides are often used as adhesives in harsh environments. This study examines the effect on bond strength of thioether sulfur in the polyimide backbone. Bonds were made using steel that was believed to catalyze the oxidation of sulfur. In addition, non-sulfur containing polyimides with similar Tg were also studied for comparison. The polymer/metal interface was studied using both the T-peel and wedge tests. No apparent effect was observed in the T-peel test with steel where the T-peel strengths of non-sulfur and sulfur containing polyimides were similar. In the wedge test, however, the sulfur-containing BDSDA/ODA bonded to steel had the smallest initial crack length of 34 mm. However, the BTDA/APB bonds tested in a dry environment had the smallest crack growth. The sulfur-containing BTDA/ASD performed best of the bonds tested in a wet environment. Metal-catalyzed oxidation of sulfur was observed to take place in the steel case, but not to an extent to have a noticeable effect on peel strength. 相似文献
82.
《International journal of human-computer studies》2014,72(12):783-795
This paper investigates how social distance can serve as a lens through which we can understand human–robot relationships and develop guidelines for robot design. In two studies, we examine the effects of distance based on physical proximity (proxemic distance), organizational status (power distance), and task structure (task distance) on people׳s experiences with and perceptions of a humanlike robot. In Study 1, participants (n=32) played a card-matching game with a humanlike robot. We manipulated the power distance (supervisor vs. subordinate) and proxemic distance (close vs. distant) between participants and the robot. Participants who interacted with the supervisor robot reported a more positive user experience when the robot was close than when the robot was distant, while interactions with the subordinate robot resulted in a more positive experience when the robot was distant than when the robot was close. In Study 2, participants (n=32) played the game in two different task distances (cooperation vs. competition) and proxemic distances (close vs. distant). Participants who cooperated with the robot reported a more positive experience when the robot was distant than when it was close. In contrast, competing with the robot resulted in a more positive experience when it was close than when the robot was distant. The findings from the two studies highlight the importance of consistency between the status and proxemic behaviors of the robot and of task interdependency in fostering cooperation between the robot and its users. This work also demonstrates how social distance may guide efforts toward a better understanding of human–robot interaction and the development of effective design guidelines. 相似文献
83.
Selection of strategies that help reduce riverine inputs requires numerical models that accurately quantify hydrologic processes. While numerous models exist, information on how to evaluate and select the most robust models is limited. Toward this end, we developed a comprehensive approach that helps evaluate watershed models in their ability to simulate flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services. We demonstrated the method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model, and Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model (DLBRM) applied to the Maumee River Basin (USA). The approach helped in identifying that each model simulated flows within acceptable ranges. However, each was limited in its ability to simulate flows triggered by extreme weather events, owing to algorithms not being optimized for such events and mismatched physiographic watershed conditions. Ultimately, we found HSPF to best predict river flow, whereas SWAT offered the most flexibility for evaluating agricultural management practices. 相似文献
84.
The isotopic exchange has been studied between catalyst radiosulfur and H2S, formed in thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) (named S-displace) on alumina supported molybdena, on CoMoOx, PdMoOx, PtMoOx and on silica–alumina supported NiWOx. S-displace was compared with radiosulfur exchange data between catalyst radiosulfur and gas phase H2S (Sexc) determined previously. The extent of Sexc was higher than that of the S-displace for Mo, CoMo in and NiW, whereas the extent of S-displace from PdMoO and PtMoO was
significantly higher, than that of Sexc. Thiophene HDS product distribution data are discussed in terms of increased C=C hydrogenation and C–C hydrogenolysis activity,
explained by increasing H2S production with longer circulation time of the thiophene/H2 mixture, The C1/C3<1 ratios among C4-hydrogenolysis products indicate some coke formation. The decrease of thiophene HDS activity is presumably a consequence
of increasing site-blocking with the formation of more H2S and coke with longer duration of thiophene treatment. 相似文献
85.
Michael D. Dahlberg Richard L. Rohrer Daniel J. Fauth Richard Sprecher Gregory J. Olson 《Fuel》1993,72(12):1645-1649
A bacterium identified as Arthrobacter sp. was grown on dibenzothiophene (DBT) sulfone as a sole source of sulfur, producing sulfite and sulfate. Sulfur in DBT sulfone (1.0 mM) was nearly quantitatively converted to sulfate by the organism. The organism could also use DBT sulfone as a sole source of carbon and energy. There was evidence for transient accumulation of benzoic acid in the culture medium after growth of the cells slowed. The DBT sulfoxide analogue 9-fluorenone was converted by resting cells to a product identified as 1,10-dihydroxy-1,10-dihydrofluoren-9-one, suggesting that DBT sulfone may be metabolized via an angular hydroxylation resulting in carbon- sulfur bond cleavage. This strain of Arthrobacter showed no ability to desulfurize oxidized Illinois No. 6 coal. 相似文献
86.
《The Journal of Strategic Information Systems》2014,23(3):239-253
Users are the most critical strategic resource of any online social networking service (SNS). This paper offers strategic recommendations for SNS providers based on an empirical study exploring why users switch from a primary SNS to others. We first identify important characteristics that combine to distinguish SNSs from conventional information systems, then develop a “cyber migration” research model that includes push, pull and mooring factors which influence user intention to switch from one SNS to another. Findings from a field survey of 180 users reveal four significant factors that promote switching: dissatisfaction with socialization support, dissatisfaction with entertainment value, continuity cost, and peer influence. Strategies grounded in these factors are suggested for SNS providers to better attract and retain users. 相似文献
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90.
控制燃煤硫的污染与动力煤全硫比价划分 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
讨论了中国煤炭资源中全硫分布的特点,指出加强动力煤洗选,降低硫含量的重要性;采用IGCC工艺和热煤气脱硫技术,可以实现高硫煤的有效利用。并提出制定合理的动力煤全硫比价问题。 相似文献