Estimating subpixel surface temperatures and energy fluxes from the vegetation index-radiometric temperature relationship

Routine (i.e., daily to weekly) monitoring of surface energy fluxes, particularly evapotranspiration (ET), using satellite observations of radiometric surface temperature has not been feasible at high pixel resolution (i.e., ∼10¹-10² m) because of the low frequency in satellite coverage over the region of interest (i.e., approximately every 2 weeks). Cloud cover further reduces the number of useable observations of surface conditions resulting in high-resolution satellite imagery of a region typically being available once a month, which is not very useful for routine ET monitoring. Radiometric surface temperature observations at ∼1- to 5-km pixel resolution are available multiple times per day from several weather satellites. However, this spatial resolution is too coarse for estimating ET from individual agricultural fields or for defining variations in ET due to land cover changes. Satellite data in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths, used for computing vegetation indices, are available at resolutions an order of magnitude smaller than in the thermal-infrared, and hence provide higher resolution information on vegetation cover conditions. A number of studies have exploited the relationship between vegetation indices and radiometric surface temperature for estimating model parameters used in computing spatially distributed fluxes and available moisture. In this paper, the vegetation index-radiometric surface temperature relationship is utilized in a disaggregation procedure for estimating subpixel variation in surface temperature with aircraft imagery collected over the US Southern Great Plains. The disaggregated surface temperatures estimated by this procedure are compared to actual observations at this subpixel resolution. In addition, a remote sensing-based energy balance model is used to compare output using actual versus estimated surface temperatures over a range of pixel resolutions. From these comparisons, the utility of the surface temperature disaggregation technique appears to be most useful for estimating subpixel surface temperatures at resolutions corresponding to length scales defining agricultural field boundaries across the landscape.     

Computing isophotos of surface of revolution and canal surface

Isophote of a surface consists of a loci of surface points whose normal vectors form a constant angle with a given fixed vector. It also serves as a silhouette curve when the constant angle is given as π/2. We present efficient and robust algorithms to compute isophotes of a surface of revolution and a canal surface. For the two kinds of surfaces, each point on the isophote is derived by a closed-form solution. To find each connected component in the isophote, we utilize the feature of surface normals. Both surfaces are decomposed into a set of circles, where the surface normal vectors at points on each circle construct a cone. The vectors which form a constant angle with given fixed vector construct another cone. We compute the parametric range of the connected component of the isophote by computing the parametric values of the surface which derive the tangential intersection of these two cones.     

基于VC++6.0多媒体CAI课件中动画制作的研究

本文介绍了动画设计的基本原理，讨论了Windows位图的显示原理和显示方法。以一个动画制作的程序实例，详细叙述了使用VC 6.0设计多媒体动画软件的方法。     

基于高光线模型修改NURBS曲面不光顺性

高光线模型是一种评估曲面光顺性的强有力工具．提出一种基于高光线模型修改NURBS曲面不光顺性的新方法，将高光线模型对应的非线性方程组转化成线性方程组，从而大大简化了问题的复杂性，修改后的控制点通过解一组线性方程求得．新NURBS曲面的某些点具有指定的法方向．该方法直观、适用于实时交互设计，通过简单的操作就能修改NURBS强曲面，从而使其具有良好的光顺性．还给出了测试文中方法有效性的实例．     

一种基于光切法的图像轮廓提取

光切法是近十多年发展起来的一种三维曲面非接触测量方法。轮廓提取是光切法的关键。论文论述了轮廓提取的概念,给出了轮廓线提取前的预处理,提出了一种从理论上达到无限薄光平面的轮廓提取方法,并对此作了推导。     

路面破损检测自动定位技术

定位技术是路面破损检测系统中的重要技术。本文利用卡尔曼滤波器处理GPS定位数据,提出了GPS与距离传感器结合实现破损图像精确定位的算法。该算法可为路面破损图像提供更为准确的定位信息。最后,试验验证了本算法的正确性。     

渣浆泵用钢基表面耐磨复合材料的研究

以ZG45为基体，以多种合金粉末作为合金化原料，通过铸渗工艺制备出较为理想的渣浆泵用铁基表面耐磨材料．铸件合金层厚度均匀，基体组织为树枝状的奥氏体，增强相为二次碳化物(Cr，Fe)7C3和渗碳体型碳化物Fe3W3C，在合金化过程中，主要是铁液向合金层渗透，铬向母材的渗透也有，但量很少，合金层与母材的结合良好，属于冶金结合，其冲击磨损性能和硬度都有很大提高，耐磨性比ZG45提高了6．5倍，硬度从合金层到基体逐渐降低，合金层硬度比ZG45提高了3倍左右。     

Rapid and Accurate Contact Determination between Spline Models using ShellTrees

In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for contact determination between spline models. We make use of a new hierarchy, called ShellTree , that comprises of spherical shells and oriented bounding boxes. Each spherical shell corresponds to a portion of the volume between two concentric spheres. Given large spline models, our algorithm decomposes each surface into Bézier patches as part of pre-processing. At runtime it dynamically computes a tight fitting axis-aligned bounding box across each Bézier patch and efficiently checks all such boxes for overlap. Using off-line and on-line techniques for tree construction, our algorithm computes ShellTrees for Bézier patches and performs fast overlap tests between them to detect collisions. The overall approach can trade off runtime performance for reduced memory requirements. We have implemented the algorithm and tested it on large models, each composed of hundred of patches. Its performance varies with the configurations of the objects. For many complex models composed of hundreds of patches, it can accurately compute the contacts in a few milliseconds.     

可变形曲面的有限元模型

基于物理的造型方法是当今曲面造型研究的热点之一，可望成为今后曲面造型的实用工具。有别于他人提出的采用有限差分法将曲面离散化来构造和求解可变形曲面的方法，本文提出用有限元方法构造连续的可变形曲面，同时给出了自由曲面的有限元。该方法使用一种连续的表达来造型自由曲面，并区设计的形状已经网格化而有利于后序的分析与制造。