Effects of anodizing voltage on the anodized and hydrothermally treated titanium surface

Anodic oxidation is the process of creating a titanium oxide layer with various defects more dense and stable. In this study, a dense, stable and porous oxide layer was formed using anodic spark oxidation on pure titanium surface and hydroxyapatite crystals were formed on its surface via a hydrothermal treatment. A mixture of 0.02M−GP (Glycerolphosphate disodium salt) and 0.2M-CA (Calcium acetate) was used as an electrolyte. By increasing the anodizing voltage to 220, 260, 300, and 360 V, the effects of the anodizing voltage were examined by evaluating the film properties after anodization and a hydrothermal treatment. Breakdown occurred around 230 V. As the voltage increased after breakdown, the pore size increased. After the hydrothermal treatment, the amount of HA crystal precipitation was also increased as the voltage increased. The mean surface roughness (Ra) of the anodizing surface was also increased as the voltage increased. The Ra value was larger in the hydrothermally treated group compared with the group treated with anodization as a result of the HA crystals present on the surface after the hydrothermal treatment. Corrosion resistance of the surface modified by anodization was significantly increased in a saline solution compared to that for the non-treated group; this increased further after the hydrothermal treatment. These increases were most likely due to a thick stable oxide layer formed through anodization. Thus, it is believed that titanium with its surface modified through anodic spark oxidation would be a suitable biomaterial due to its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.     

钴基合金等离子熔覆工艺研究与优化

目的优化钴基合金等离子熔覆工艺参数,提高熔覆层的成形质量。方法以熔覆于Q235钢表面的多道钴基合金耐磨涂层为研究对象,开展正交试验,利用MIRA3X-MHX型扫描电子显微镜分析涂层组织结构及不同区域的物相成分,采用KEYENCE VHX-5000超景深显微镜和HXD-1000TMC/LCD维氏显微硬度计对熔覆层表面平整度和横断面的显微硬度进行测量分析,并结合灰关联分析法和极差分析法,探究工作电流、扫描速度和送粉速度对熔覆层表面平整度和显微硬度的综合影响,优化出最佳工艺参数组合。结果工作电流对熔覆层成形质量的影响最为显著,其次是扫描速度、送粉速度。各组熔覆层横断面纵向显微硬度的波动情况大致相同,且最大显微硬度均出现在距离上表层约0.4 mm处,熔覆层平均显微硬度是基体材料的3倍多。熔覆层中上部的组织结构分布均匀且致密,随着熔覆层深度的增加,熔覆层稀释率呈增大趋势,显微硬度逐渐降低。在工作电流为95 A、扫描速度为90 mm/min、送粉速度为12r/min的工艺参数下,熔覆层与基板结合良好,无气孔和空隙,横断面平均显微硬度较高,且熔覆层表面较为平整。结论经等离子熔覆成形质量工艺参数优化后,熔覆层表面性能有效提高,该结果可为等离子熔覆技术应用于易磨损工件的耐磨性研究提供参考。     

超声表面滚压技术及其组合工艺现状

概述了USRP在磨损、疲劳以及腐蚀领域的防护现状,并对其防护机理进行了讨论。同时归纳了USRP技术存在的问题,比如当表面强化层的塑性变形程度达到一定的极限时,不仅很难进一步提高材料性能,继续加工更会导致起皱、开裂等表面缺陷的产生,最终致使材料性能恶化。在此基础上,重点综述了组合USRP工艺的研究进展,并按照组合工艺中USRP技术的时间顺序,分为前端组合(超声滚压–等离子渗技术、超声滚压–物理气相沉积技术、超声滚压–微弧氧化技术等)、后端组合(热处理–超声滚压技术、激光冲击–超声滚压技术、激光熔覆–超声滚压技术、激光选区熔化–超声滚压技术等)以及同步复合工艺(电脉冲辅助超声滚压技术、温度场辅助超声滚压技术等)。最后,就USRP技术及其组合工艺进一步的研究和发展方向进行了展望,为USRP后续研究及应用提供技术参考。     

基于逆向技术的奶勺模具设计与制造

以奶勺模具设计与制造为例,阐述了逆向工程的概念与特点,提出了模具逆向设计系统的架构,分析了其在模具设计中的应用技术,研究了基于Pro/Engineer开发的模具设计流程,对数据采集,曲面重构等关键问题做了详细分析.利用这种反求技术实现奶勺模具的设计与制造,可以大大缩短研发,制造周期,提高企业竞争力.     

介孔CeO2的化学沉淀法合成及表征

以硝酸铈(Ce(NO3)3.6H2O)、碳酸铵((NH4)2CO3.H2O)为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,采用化学沉淀法合成了一系列具有不同孔径的介孔CeO2粉末,使用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示/热重(DSC/TG)、BET孔性能测试、透射电镜(TEM)及红外光谱(IR)分析等手段对合成产物进行了分析和表征,探讨了CTAB与Ce的摩尔比、反应温度、焙烧温度和时间对孔径大小和比表面积的影响。在CTAB与Ce的摩尔比为1∶1、反应温度为80℃、焙烧温度为300℃、焙烧时间为1 h条件下,制得了比表面积为132 m2/g的介孔CeO2。     

金属快速凝固的非平衡超急速传热模型

运用非Fourier传热理论建立了金属快速凝固过程中的非平衡传热理论模型，包括非Fourier方程的建立、传热与相变模拟，模拟计算表明：（1）在溅射激冷条件下，界面换热系数越大，界面冷却速度和移动速度也越高。在界面换热系数相同时，计算得到的界面冷却速度随着固－液界面高度的提高呈现先上升而后下降的变化趋势；计算得到的冷却速度值明显小于Fourier定律的计算值。（2）在激光加热条件下，计算的界面移动速度在凝固开始时先急剧增加，然后渐趋平稳，计算还表明，金属的过热及过冷度与其热物性相关。     

成型砂轮截面曲线光顺处理的近似双圆弧插补法及误差估算

在解决成型砂轮截面曲线的光顺处理问题时，作者提出了一种新的曲线数字化处理方法——近似双圆弧插补法，简化了计算过程。为了估算该方法的误差，本文模拟曲线反求的过程进行了仿真计算，计算结果表明：若曲线反求时测量点的间距取为0．1mm左右，则对所讨论的实例而言，处理结果对原曲线的最大偏离为0．552μm，这样的误差对数控加工影响很小，而且整个处理过程所花费的时间不足1分钟，因此，该方法能满足数控加工的要求。     

限幅绝缘盖板注塑模设计

通过对限幅绝缘盖板的工艺分析,确定了开放型腔、滑块脱模的模具结构.此模具构思巧妙,结构简单,不但成功地解决了塑件成型、侧孔贯通、顺利脱模的问题,而且大大降低了模具成本,缩短了研制周期.     

Bio-mimetic surface structuring of coating for tribological applications

A novel multilayered coating was developed for applications associated with friction reduction and wear resistance improvement. The nano-engineered coating integrates a soft lubricating layer, consisting of MoS₂-PTFE, onto hard load-supporting layers, with controlled surface morphology (roughness and patterning) of cBN-TiN. The coating was synthesized by sequential procedures including electrostatic spray deposition of cBN particles with different average particle sizes, chemical vapor deposition of TiN, deposition of nano- and micro-sized MoS₂ dispersed in PTFE, and curing. The effect of cBN particle size (with different combinations of particle size) and deposition parameters (specifically electrical voltage) on the cBN-TiN surface morphology were studied experimentally and optimized. SEM characterization of the as-synthesized cBN-TiN coating shows surface features similar to that of colocasia esculenta, with alternating nano- and micro-sized domes and “pockets”; the MoS₂-PTFE top layer has MoS₂ particles retained in the pockets by a basket structure formed during PTFE curing. Tribological and scratch tests were carried out for the as-prepared cBN-TiN and cBN-TiN/MoS₂-PTFE multilayered coatings. Sliding test results demonstrate significantly lower friction coefficient for the multilayered coating, showing that the unique integration of soft lubricating layer and biomimetically structured hard layer can effectively improve tribological performance. It is suggested that lubrication at the frictional contacts was realized by continuous release of the lubricants, MoS₂ and PTFE, from the pockets.     

机械零件摩擦磨损表面自修复研究进展

摩擦学的发展已将摩擦磨损的研究从抗磨减摩扩展到磨损表面的自修复甚至是零磨损.文中对摩擦磨损表面自修复的概念进行了阐述,详细论述了自发摩擦磨损自修复和条件摩擦磨损自修复的几种类型和实现模式,指出纳米技术的发展有望在摩擦表面建立起一层自组装的、坚固的、自修复的润滑膜,为摩擦磨损表面自修复提供了切实的途径.