Genome-Wide Analysis of the Peptidase M24 Superfamily in Triticum aestivum Demonstrates That TaM24-9 Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Response

The peptidase M24 (Metallopeptidase 24, M24) superfamily is essential for plant growth, stress response, and pathogen defense. At present, there are few systematic reports on the identification and classification of members of the peptidase M24 proteins superfamily in wheat. In this work, we identified 53 putative candidate TaM24 genes. According to the protein sequences characteristics, these members can be roughly divided into three subfamilies: I, II, III. Most TaM24 genes are complex with multiple exons, and the motifs are relatively conserved in each sub-group. Through chromosome mapping analysis, we found that the 53 genes were unevenly distributed on 19 wheat chromosomes (except 3A and 3D), of which 68% were in triads. Analysis of gene duplication events showed that 62% of TaM24 genes in wheat came from fragment duplication events, and there were no tandem duplication events to amplify genes. Analysis of the promoter sequences of TaM24 genes revealed that cis-acting elements were rich in response elements to drought, osmotic stress, ABA, and MeJA. We also studied the expression of TaM24 in wheat tissues at developmental stages and abiotic stress. Then we selected TaM24-9 as the target for further analysis. The results showed that TaM24-9 genes strengthened the drought and salt tolerance of plants. Overall, our analysis showed that members of the peptidase M24 genes may participate in the abiotic stress response and provided potential gene resources for improving wheat resistance.     

ICOSL Stimulation by ICOS-Fc Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing In Vivo

Background: ICOS and its ligand ICOSL are immune receptors whose interaction triggers bidirectional signals that modulate the immune response and tissue repair. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo effects of ICOSL triggering by ICOS-Fc, a recombinant soluble form of ICOS, on skin wound healing. Methods: The effect of human ICOS-Fc on wound healing was assessed, in vitro, and, in vivo, by skin wound healing assay using ICOS^−/− and ICOSL^−/− knockout (KO) mice and NOD-SCID-IL2R null (NSG) mice. Results: We show that, in wild type mice, treatment with ICOS-Fc improves wound healing, promotes angiogenesis, preceded by upregulation of IL-6 and VEGF expression; increases the number of fibroblasts and T cells, whereas it reduces that of neutrophils; and increases the number of M2 vs. M1 macrophages. Fittingly, ICOS-Fc enhanced M2 macrophage migration, while it hampered that of M1 macrophages. ICOS^−/− and ICOSL^−/− KO, and NSG mice showed delayed wound healing, and treatment with ICOS-Fc improved wound closure in ICOS^−/− and NSG mice. Conclusion: These data show that the ICOS/ICOSL network cooperates in tissue repair, and that triggering of ICOSL by ICOS-Fc improves cutaneous wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and recruitment of reparative macrophages.     

Directed Evolution of Phi Class Glutathione Transferases Involved in Multiple-Herbicide Resistance of Grass Weeds and Crops

The extensive application of herbicides in crop cultivation has indisputably led to the emergence of weed populations characterized by multiple herbicide resistance (MHR). This phenomenon is associated with the enhanced metabolism and detoxifying ability of endogenous enzymes, such as phi class glutathione transferases (GSTFs). In the present work, a library of mutant GSTFs was created by in vitro directed evolution via DNA shuffling. Selected gstf genes from the weeds Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium rigidum, and the cereal crops Triticum durum and Hordeum vulgare were recombined to forge a library of novel chimeric GSTFs. The library was activity screened and the best-performing enzyme variants were purified and characterized. The work allowed the identification of enzyme variants that exhibit an eight-fold improvement in their catalytic efficiency, higher thermal stability (8.3 °C) and three-times higher inhibition sensitivity towards the herbicide butachlor. The crystal structures of the best-performing enzyme variants were determined by X-ray crystallography. Structural analysis allowed the identification of specific structural elements that are responsible for k_cat regulation, thermal stability and inhibition potency. These improved novel enzymes hold the potential for utilization in biocatalysis and green biotechnology applications. The results of the present work contribute significantly to our knowledge of the structure and function of phi class plant GSTs and shed light on their involvement in the mechanisms of MHR.     

土钉墙分步开挖中挡土机理分析

土钉墙和由它派生出的复合支护方式在实际工程中广泛应用,但在理论上对它的挡土机理研究还不够。本文对均质土中的土钉墙,采用数值分析方法,探讨开挖过程中土钉、面层、土体三者的受力变化及土钉墙的稳定机理,得到了面层受到的总土压力是主动土压力的0．05倍等一些结论。     

往复活塞式压缩机冷却系统的设计及进展

为保证往复活塞式压缩机的运行可靠性和经济性,必须通过冷却系统对其进行良好的冷却。针对不同类型的压缩机,对风冷式压缩机和水冷式压缩机的冷却系统的组成、特点、设计原则分别进行了阐述。进而对压缩机冷却系统在冷却器等方面的研究和改进的进展情况作了介绍。     

考虑热动态的综合能源系统碳排放流建模与分析

在电力系统低碳转型背景下,传统的源侧碳排放控制难以满足碳排放责任公平分摊需求,亟需对多能源网络进行碳排放流(即碳流)追踪,明确源网荷碳排放责任。基于此,提出了热网准动态碳流模型,并对综合能源系统碳流进行建模与分析。介绍了热网静态碳流的管道计算模型;从热损耗和热延时两方面对热网管道的动态特性进行描述;在此基础上,引入热网管道储能变量刻画2种情况下热动态特性对管道和节点碳流分布的影响;进一步地,提出了热电联产机组的碳势计算方法和储能设备各时刻平均碳势的计算方法,并总结了电、热网络碳流联合分析方法;通过算例分析了静态和准动态热网模型下综合能源系统的碳流分布结果,并考虑了负荷热惯性及机组碳势对碳流分布的影响。     

面向功率冲击平抑的岸电系统储能型电能调控装置容量优化配置策略

针对港口岸电系统负荷侧存在的冲击性功率等电能质量问题,提出一种储能型电能调控装置容量优化配置方法。介绍港口岸电系统及储能型电能调控装置拓扑结构,并分析冲击性负荷运行特征;探讨负荷运行工况与功率因数控制目标之间的关系,根据电池荷电状态与负荷运行工况,提出储能型电能调控装置多类型运行工况自适应容量设计的补偿控制策略;建立储能型电能调控装置技术-经济模型,通过在技术模型中考虑岸电系统电能质量的要求建立容量模型,经济模型提供评估寿命成本和效益的方法。基于某港口岸电负荷实测数据,验证所提方法的有效性。     

基于改进GMM与帧差法的运动棉杂率分析算法研究

针对清梳棉流程中产出棉含杂高、质量差的问题,结合改进高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixed model,GMM)与帧差法,提出一种局部运动棉杂率控制优化方法。首先针对清棉机除杂原理及棉杂特性进行分析;其次通过提取视频关键帧并改进GMM与帧差法对图像序列“与”运算实现目标的精确提取,进而通过设计GMM分类器获得棉杂率并进行分析;最后与传统的检测算法作对比验证。实验表明,改进后的算法在有效性以及实用性方面优于传统算法。同时,通过引入闭环控制能满足工业高精度、实时性的需求。     

生态系统服务功能损害调查与价值量化方法研究

随着国家对生态环境保护的大力推进,开展生态系统服务功能损害鉴定评估,可以切实打击环境污染和生态破坏行为,提升污染环境和破坏生态者的违法成本.主要通过对各种生态系统提供的服务功能进行整理,依据中国现行的生态环境损害鉴定评估相关技术规范和方法对生态系统服务功能的调查和评价进行了程序、内容、方法上的研究分析,同时选取森林生态...