Hydrogenation method based on electrodeposited layers controlling the hydrogen desorption rate

An innovative hydrogenation method to investigate the hydrogen embrittlement of metals and alloys is hereby presented. The benefits of electroplating samples with copper and nickel prior to gaseous hydrogenation at mid-range temperatures are quantified. It is showed that these electrodeposited layers allow to control the hydrogen desorption rate occurring after hydrogenation, during the cooling of the hydrogenated specimen. The present study demonstrates the capability of the method to control the introduced total hydrogen concentration within a margin of 0.2 wt.ppm. The applicability of the described method to further investigations into hydrogen concentrations effects on hydrogen embrittlement of ferritic alloys by the means of mechanical tests is evaluated.     

Evaluation of stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement in an API grade steel

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of pipeline steels in contact with soil was investigated. Different soils were prepared in order to determine their physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics. Slow strain rate testing was carried out by using aqueous extracts from soil samples and NS4 standard solution. Stress vs. strain curves of API 5L grade X46 steel were obtained at different electrode potentials (E_corr, 100 mV below E_corr and 300 mV below E_corr) with 9 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹ and 9 × 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹ strain rate. In addition, the hydrogen permeation tests were carried out in order to evaluate the susceptibility of hydrogen penetrates into theses steels. The results demonstrated the incidence of cracking and their dependence on the potential imposed. In that case, cracking occurred by stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) had an important contribution to cracking initiation and propagation. Cracking morphology was similar to the SCC reported on field condition where transgranular cracking were detected in a pipeline collapsed by land creeping. It was important to point out that even under cathodic potentials the material showed the incidence of secondary cracking and a significant reduction of ductility.     

Electrochemical hydrogen discharge of high-strength low alloy steel for high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage tank: Effect of discharging temperature

Hydrogen discharge technique of high-strength low alloy steel for high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage tank was developed by using an electrochemical technique. The electrochemical hydrogen discharge of high-strength low alloy steel were investigated in a deaerated borate buffer solution (0.3 M H₃BO₃ + 0.074 M N₂B₄O₇, pH = 8.4). By applying a potential of +630 mV_SCE which is higher than the hydrogen equilibrium potentials and lower than the pitting potential, the oxidation reaction of metal (Fe → Fe²⁺ + 2e⁻) is limited and oxidation reaction of the hydrogen (H₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2H₂O + 2e⁻) was induced simultaneously. Thus, the pre-charged hydrogen inside the specimen was eliminated effectively without any damage to the specimen. The electrochemical hydrogen discharge method was performed at 25 °C, 50 °C and 75 °C. The efficiency of hydrogen discharge was accelerated with increasing temperature because the exchange current density of hydrogen is increased with temperature.     

800MPa级冷轧双相钢点焊工艺性能

研究800 MPa级冷轧双相钢电阻点焊工艺,分析点焊电流对接头形貌、性能以及组织缺陷的影响规律,讨论回火脉冲对提升接头性能的影响。结果表明:点焊电流对高强钢DP800接头形貌、性能及缺陷等均有较大影响;当点焊电流达到10 k A时,剪切试验为纽扣型断裂模式,最大剪切力达到34.28 k N;点焊脉冲后附加回火脉冲可以提高点焊接头性能。     

压力容器用钢辐照脆化评估方法比较

虽然经过了30多年的努力,在脆性转变温度区域预测压力容器用钢的断裂韧性仍然存在较大的不确定性.通过比较现有的评价材料断裂韧性的方法,对近些年发展起来的特征曲线法的理论基础提出质疑,指出传统的参照脆性转变温度的断裂韧性曲线法是建立在较坚实的物理基础之上,虽然常被认为过于保守,却是可靠的.通过对单相组织和多相组织断裂韧性试验结果的分析,强调在理论和实践上解决解理断裂韧性不确定性的出路在于对解理断裂物理过程的认识和评价方法的改进.     

电沉积Zn-Fe合金的渗氢行为研究

用双电解池测氢法研究氯化物镀液体系中电沉积Zn-Fe合金过程中的渗氢行为.结果表明:在所考察的工艺参数中,镀液pH值对渗氢电流的影响最大.用慢应变速率拉伸试验法(SSRT)考察了电镀Zn-Fe合金试样的氢脆特性,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对断口的微观形貌进行了表征.所有Zn-Fe合金镀层的试样均显示出不同程度的氢脆敏感性.     

不锈钢表面阻氢涂层研究进展

不锈钢是高压氢系统的常用材料,在氢能储输技术中发挥重要作用,但高压氢环境引起的塑性降低、疲劳裂纹扩展速率加快等不锈钢氢脆问题,严重阻碍了氢能的产业化发展,在不锈钢材料表面制备阻氢涂层是解决不锈钢氢损伤问题的重要手段之一。本文首先综合介绍了典型涂层材料的应用特点及阻氢性能,探讨了制备工艺对涂层阻氢性能的影响、不同涂层材料的阻氢机理,并分析了涂层阻氢性能影响因素,之后总结了涂层阻氢性能评价方法及各种评价方法的优势与不足,并根据各种评价方法的技术特点,指出每种方法的适用范围。最后,基于阻氢涂层研究进展,文章提出以开发新型涂层结构为研究重点,同时加快新型涂层材料的探索,并重点关注涂层氢环境原位性能评价方法的研究。     

遗传规划在电化学法检测转子钢热脆性中的应用

在汽轮机转子钢热脆性电化学法无损检测技术的开发中,将遗传规划法应用到30Cr2MoV钢脆性转变温度预测模型的建立中,以提高其检测精度.把材料的脆性转变温度作为预测模型的因变量,将动电位再活化法测得的二次活化峰电流密度、电解液温度、材料的化学成分参数(J参数)、材料中Cr含量和晶粒度作为自变量.将因变量和自变量的试验测定结果分为训练样本数据和检验样本数据.依据训练样本数据,经过遗传规划法求得最优预测模型,并用检验样本数据对所得的预测模型进行检验.结果表明,所得预测模型的预测误差为士20℃,模型精度比采用传统的多元线性回归法得到的模型高1倍多.因此,可以将遗传规划法应用到汽轮机转子钢预测模型的建立中.     

回火工艺对1200 MPa级贝氏体钢轨组织性能的影响

对贝氏体钢轨钢不同工艺回火后的组织和性能进行研究.结果表明,350℃回火4h及以上,贝氏体钢轨屈服强度大于1000 MPa,抗拉强度大于1200 MPa,伸长率和断面收缩率分别大于15％和45％,室温冲击功大于150 J;在450～550℃回火时,出现明显的回火脆性.金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察表明,贝氏体轨钢以粒状贝氏体组织为主,残留奥氏体在板条间以M-A岛状形式分布.不同回火温度及3％拉伸变形后试验贝氏体轨钢残留奥氏体的测定结果表明,350℃回火时的残留奥氏体机械稳定性最好.贝氏体钢轨的强韧性随回火温度的变化与残留奥氏体的机械稳定性密切相关.