设计阶段工程造价的管理和控制

设计是建设项目进行全面规划和具体安排实施意图的过程,是工程建设的灵魂,是处理技术与经济关系的关键环节.运用全过程工程造价理论及技术经济分析方法分析,设计阶段对施工项目造价的影响度达到75%,由此可见:设计阶段是影响工程造价的主要阶段.     

Round-Robin Test on methods for determining chloride transport parameters in concrete

This paper presents the results of a Round-Robin Test on methods for determining chloride transport parameters in concrete, carried out by the Technical Committee TC 178-TMC: “Testing and Modelling Chloride Penetration in Concrete” in which 27 different laboratories around the world have participated, using 13 different methods, in triplicate specimens, for 4 different mixes of concrete cast with different binders. Four different groups of methods have been tested: Natural diffusion methods (D), Migration methods (M), Resistivity methods (R) and Colourimetric methods (C). The statistical treatment of the data has been carried out according to the International Standard ISO 5725-2:1994 for the determination of the accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results. Part 2: Basic method for the determination of the repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method. In order to make an evaluation of these methods, four indicators have been identified and within each of them, several sub-indicators have been assigned. According to this system of classification, the methods have been classified following each indicator (trueness, precision, relevance and convenience), and also globally, by assigning different factors of importance, F.I., to the different indicators.     

Leakage tests for Am solid sources used for liquid xenon detector monitoring

Experimental tests are described to check solid ²⁴¹Am radioactive sources used to monitor operation of liquid xenon detectors. In particular, radioactive leakage was tested in extreme temperature conditions following immersion in liquid nitrogen for different time periods. No radioactivity loss was detected from the sources considered. The paper describes the source characteristics, test methods and results obtained.     

低速旋转机器振动测试与评价

低转速机器振动频率低、幅值小,测量困难.在考察转子的平衡情况时,不能仅通过振动幅值的大小来评价转子的平衡状况,而应该通过试加重量计算加重灵敏度以后,再计算出转子残余不平衡量并与标准要求值进行比较和判断.     

学生成绩评定方法研究

分别用x2拟合检验法、直方图和Q-Q分布图从直观和理论两方面出发验证学生成绩是否呈正态分布,通过图象与应用概率统计知识有机结合,运用数学软件对数据进行处理,达到验证研究的目的。     

一种实时Java处理器''''区域''''内存实现模型

Java实时规范（RTSJ）提出的‘区域’内存（Scoped Memory）既避免了垃圾回收对系统实时性的影响，又能充分利用内存空间，引起了众多研究人员的重视．本文讨论了‘区域’内存的实现及影响最坏情况下执行时间（WCET）的因素，并提出一种针对嵌入式实时Java处理器的‘区域’内存实现模型．该模型中非实时处理在字节码被执行之前完成，消除了运行时管理‘区域’内存对WCET的影响，在简化处理器实现的同时保证了运行时WCET的可预测性．     

铝电解槽热平衡测试计算中的几点问题

由于缺乏正规的标准，铝电解槽能量平衡测试中存在着一些概念混淆、计算方法和公式错误的情况，应引起测试工作者的注意，在测试计算前应认真制订方案，多查一些参考资料，核实所用公式、数据，避免发生失误。同时对于类似计算，由于计算机的应用，应尽可能采取精确算法。没必要采取一些非常粗糙的近似算法和经验值。     

级数sum from n=1 to ∞(α(α-1)…(α-n+1)x~n/n!)在x=±1处的敛散性研究

用比较原则及莱布尼兹判别法对函数f(x)=(1+x)α的马克劳林级数在x=±1的敛散情形给予讨论.     

Nonlinear seismic response analysis of reinforced concrete tube in tube structure

Super-highly reinforced concrete tube in tube structure is a developing structure system of high-rise building. The more reasonable derivation process of the multi-vertical-line-element model stiffness matrix is given.On the premise of pointing out the problems of present multi-spring element model, combined with present multivertical-line-element model for analyzing on shear wall, the model is expanded to spatial one, and the stiffness matrix of which is derived. Combined with hysteretic axial model and hysteretic shear model, it is suitable for columns,wall limbs and beams with all kinds of section form. Some examples are calculated and compared with test results,which shows that the models have relatively good accuracy. On the base of the experimental phenomenon and failure mechanism for tube in tube structure specimen, nonlinear seismic responses analysis program on the basis of the advantaged element model for tube in tube structure is developed. Calculation results are in good agreement with those of the pseudo-dynamic tests and the failure mechanism can be well reflected.     

Performance of Alcohol and Safer Sex Change Rulers Compared With Readiness to Change Questionnaires.

As part of a larger intervention study, the authors hypothesized that change rulers created for alcohol and safer sex would be equivalent to longer questionnaires. Ninety-six male college students completed rulers and questionnaires for assessing behavior change readiness. Participants' scores on the rulers significantly correlated with their scores on the questionnaires (r = .77 for alcohol; r = .77 for safer sex). In both domains, the rulers outperformed the questionnaires in predicting behavioral intentions, suggesting that the rulers had at least comparable concurrent criterion validity. This finding is the first of its kind in the safe sex literature and suggests that quick assessments of readiness to change are possible. Because the rulers are a continuous measure, the results are consistent with the idea that the change process is continuous rather than a series of discrete stages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)