新锆合金板材在LiOH溶液中的吸氢行为研究

研究了NZ2（Zr-1Sn-0．3Nb-0．3Fe-0．1Cr）新锆合金板材在高压釜内LiOH水溶液中，于360℃、18．6MPa条件下进行不同时间的渗氢后试样的吸氢特性。试样的吸氢量随时间增加而增加，其吸氢量曲线伴随转折现象．NZ2合金在渗氢时间为11h的吸氢量为220mg/L，仅相当于同样渗氢条件下Zr-4合金渗氢量的43％，比传统锆合金有更为优良的吸氢性能。NZ2合金板中的氢化物的生长方式为条片状，并平行于板材轧向。     

纳米氢氧化镁的制备与结构表征

以硫酸镁和氨水为原料,以获得纳米氢氧化镁粒子;并采用X射线和透射电镜等对颗粒形态进行表征.得出了制备纳米氢氧化镁的最佳条件.研究成果为纳米级氢氧化镁下一步的深入研究打下了良好基础.     

超细氢氧化铝晶种制备技术研究

用一种含Al2O3的非晶质浆液与烧结法铝酸钠精制液以一定比例混合，使溶液具有极大的过饱和度，从而自发分解产出平均拉径在0．5μm以下、高分散性、其具有极为发达表面和甚多活性点的超细氢氧化铝晶种，以此超细氢氧化铝作晶种用种分制取粒度和化学组成都符合指标要求的超细氢氧化铝。     

Hydrothermal formation of dispersive Mg（OH）2 particles in NaOH solution

The hydrothermal modification of Mg(OH)2 crystals in NaOH solution was investigated. The aggregated Mg(OH)2 particles with irregular shape are converted to regular Mg(OH)2 hexagonal plates after hydrothermal treatment. The prolongation of reaction time from 1-4 h or the increase of temperature from 140℃ to 200℃ can promote the formation of Mg(OH)2 plates with big particle size but small cluster size. The dispersion characteristics of the hydrothermal products are improved owing to the improvement of Mg(OH)2 crystalline degree and the in-crease of I（001)/I（101） ratio. The proper hydrothermal modification condition is as follows: solid content 0. 075 g/mL,NaOH concentration 5.0 mol/L, temperature 200℃ and time 4 h. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the increase of MgOH^ concentration at elevated temperature or the increase of OH^- concentration in concentrated NaOH solution is favorable for the hydrothermal formation of Mg(OH)2 particles.     

Pre-Activation of CO2 at Cobalt Phthalocyanine-Mg(OH)2 Interface for Enhanced Turnover Rate

Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) anchored on heterogeneous scaffold has drawn great attention as promising electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR), but the molecule/substrate interaction is still pending for clarification and optimization to maximize the reaction kinetics. Herein, a CO₂RR catalyst is fabricated by affixing CoPc onto the Mg(OH)₂ substrate primed with conductive carbon, demonstrating an ultra-low overpotential of 0.31 ± 0.03 V at 100 mA cm⁻² and high faradaic efficiency of >95% at a wide current density range for CO production, as well as a heavy-duty operation at 100 mA cm⁻² for more than 50 h in a membrane electrode assembly. Mechanistic investigations employing in situ Raman and attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy unravel that Mg(OH)₂ plays a pivotal role to enhance the CO₂RR kinetics by facilitating the first-step electron transfer to form anionic *CO₂⁻ intermediates. DFT calculations further elucidate that introducing Lewis acid sites help to polarize CO₂ molecules absorbed at the metal centers of CoPc and consequently lower the activation barrier. This work signifies the tailoring of catalyst-support interface at molecular level for enhancing the turnover rate of CO₂RR.     

Synthesis of Co/SiO2 hybrid nanocatalyst via twisted Co3Si2O5(OH)4 nanosheets for high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch reaction

A cobalt-silica hybrid nanocatalyst bearing small cobalt particles of diameter ～5 nm was prepared through a hydrothermal reaction and hydrogen reduction.The resulting material showed very high CO conversion (＞82％) and high hydrocarbon productivity (～1.0 gHc·g-1cat,·h-11) with high activity (～8.5 x 10-5 molco·g-1Co·S-1) in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction.     

氢氧化铝/膦掺杂丙烯酸树脂的热稳定性和协同阻燃效应

采用9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)与甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯反应得到膦化物2-甲基-3-(6-氧代-6H-二苯并[c,e][1,2]氧磷杂己环-6-基)丙酸2-羟乙酯(DOPO-HM),将氢氧化铝(Alu)与DOPO-HM掺杂到丙烯酸树脂(AR)制备丙烯酸树脂阻燃复合材料AR/DOPO-HM/Alu。通过热重分析、极限氧指数(LOI)、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对复合材料及炭层进行分析。研究表明,DOPO-HM/Alu体系能协同提高复合材料的热稳定性和LOI,复合材料在空气和氮气中热分解炭层致密。XPS研究阻燃机理揭示DOPO-HM的分解产物聚磷酸催化分解基体成炭过程在Al2O3表面进行,焦磷酸铝的生成证明存在协同阻燃效应。Horowitz-Metzger理论计算复合材料的分解活化能,结果表明Al2O3对膦催化复合材料分解成炭过程具有正向助催化作用,协同提高复合材料阻燃效力。     

Mg/Fe-LDHO/PES复合膜吸附材料的制备与除氟性能

以层状氢氧化镁铁的焙烧产物(Mg/Fe-LDHO)和聚醚砜(PES)为原料,采用共混法制备了Mg/Fe-LDHO/PES复合膜吸附材料,并研究了其对水中氟离子的吸附性能,考察了初始pH值、初始F-浓度、吸附温度、吸附时间以及共存阴离子等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:在25℃条件下,该复合膜饱和吸附容量为12.34mg/g,能在pH=4~10范围内保持稳定的吸附性能,吸附速率较高,前5min内即可达到平衡吸附容量的75%;低温有利于提高复合膜的吸附性能,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合膜的形貌及结构进行了表征,采用电位滴定法测得复合膜的零电位点pH值(pHpzc)为9.4。     

硅丙乳液包覆Mg(OH)2核壳结构纳米粒子的制备与表征

为有效提高Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子在硅丙乳液中的相容性与分散稳定性,在油酸修饰Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子的基础上,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷为共聚单体,通过乳液聚合法制备出具有核壳结构的硅丙乳液包覆Mg(OH)_2复合材料。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对样品结构、形貌进行了表征。通过燃烧实验,研究了硅丙乳液包覆Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子对水性防火涂料阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,油酸通过酯化作用修饰在Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子表面,借助油酸分子中双键结构,丙烯酸类混合单体在纳米Mg(OH)_2表面完成聚合过程,形成以Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子为核、硅丙乳液为壳的复合材料。XRD与热分析表明经硅丙乳液包覆的纳米Mg(OH)_2晶体结构与热稳定性能未受影响。此外,掺杂0.1%(质量分数)的硅丙乳液包覆Mg(OH)_2可使水性防火涂料阻燃时间延长至113 min,较未掺杂水性涂料阻燃时间(91min)提高约23%。     

Preparation of NiCoFe-hydroxide/polyaniline composite for enhanced-performance supercapacitors

Ternary NiCoFe layer hydroxides with different Ni/Co/Fe molar ratios were prepared using simple urea method. By finely tuning Ni/Co/Fe molar ratio, the optimized hydroxide (LDH_2.0), a Ni/Co/Fe molar ratio of 2.0/1.0/1.0, provided high specific capacitance (408 F g⁻¹ at 2.0 A g⁻¹) and good stability (90.9% retention over 1000 cycles) due to maximum crystallinity (91.35% crystallinity) and specific surface area (160 m² g⁻¹). In order to further improve the electrochemical performances, the LDH_2.0 was made into a composite (LDH/PANI) with polyaniline (PANI) via in situ polymerization of aniline monomer. The LDH/PANI composite had a much higher specific capacitance (717 F g⁻¹ at 2.0 A g⁻¹) compared with the LDH_2.0, and a significant improvement of cycleability (84.7% retention over 1000 cycles). The results indicated that the LDH/PANI had a synergistic effect of both components due to the complementary properties, which guaranteed a good electric contact and consequently increased the specific capacitance. These provided a new approach for designing organic-inorganic composite materials with potential application in supercapacitors.