陶瓷业含酚废水的处理与酚的回收研究

采用先加入氢氧化钠反应,再进行蒸馏的方法,对陶瓷业含酚废水进行了处理及酚类物质回收的研究。探讨了氢氧化钠用量、搅拌时间以及蒸出液的体积对酚类物质去除和回收的影响。实验结果表明:对于25 mL的陶瓷业废水,氢氧化钠用量为0.9 g,搅拌10 min,蒸出液体积为15 mL,脱酚率高达96.44%,酚类物质回收率为95.12%。同时进行放大实验,脱酚率可达96.15%,酚类物质回收率仍高达94.96%,说明该方法处理陶瓷业水煤气废水的效果良好。     

Improved electrocatalytic kinetics of nickel hydroxide nanoparticles on Vulcan XC-72R carbon black towards alkaline urea oxidation reaction

Nickel hydroxide nanoparticles were fabricated on Vulcan XC-72R carbon black using various reducing agents through assisted microwave polyol process. The formed electrocatalysts using sodium borohydride [Ni(OH)₂/C–NB], ethylene glycol [Ni(OH)₂/C–EG] and a mixture of them [Ni(OH)₂/C–EGNB] displayed an electrocatalytic activity towards urea oxidation in NaOH solution. The oxidation peak potential and current density values were greatly influenced by the employed reducing agent. Lower onset and peak potential values were measured at Ni(OH)₂/C–EGNB, while Ni(OH)₂/C–EG exhibited the highest oxidation current density during urea oxidation reaction. Electroactive surface area measurements revealed that the number of available active sites for the oxidation reaction was arranged in an ascending order as Ni(OH)₂/C–NB < Ni(OH)₂/C–EGNB < Ni(OH)₂/C–EG. The diffusion coefficient of urea molecules at Ni(OH)₂/C–EG and Ni(OH)₂/C–EGNB was 14.69 and 5.90 times higher than that at Ni(OH)₂/C–NB. Stable performance was measured at all studied electrocatalysts over prolonged operation suggesting their valuable application as efficient anode materials in direct urea oxidation fuel cells.     

Synthesis and characterization of branched yttrium hydroxide fluoride microcrystals with hierarchical tubular structure

Hexagonal yttrium hydroxide fluoride microcrystals were prepared by a two-step hydrothermal route using yttrium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and sodium fluoride as raw materials to react in propanetriol solvent. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetre and differential-thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), which revealed that Y(OH)2.14F0.86 microcrystals were multi-branched and that the branches of Y(OH)2.14F0.86 microcrystals were composed of hierarchical tubes. This novel multi-branched and intriguing hierarchical tubular structure of yttrium hydroxide fluoride maybe has a potential application in photoelectric crystals. The formation of branched Y(OH)2.14F0.86 microcrystals with hierarchical tubular structure were due to the substitution reaction and Oswald ripening.     

高压辊磨机制备高活性氢氧化铝晶种

结合高压辊磨机在冶金球团行业的应用经验,对高压辊磨机制备高活性氢氧化铝晶种工艺进行了探讨。经过高压辊磨机处理后的氢氧化铝晶种产生大量断裂面,比表面积、微观缺陷和活性点数量增加,晶种与铝酸钠溶液间的固液界面扩大,饱和铝酸钠溶液的分解率显著提高,对现场工艺和指标改善具有借鉴意义。     

Effect of particle size on the flame retardancy of poly(butylene succinate)/Mg(OH)2 composites

Poly(butylene succinate)/magnesium hydroxide (PBS/Mg(OH)₂) composites were prepared by melt compounding to investigate the effect of particle size on the flame retardancy of PBS. Their flammability properties were investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL‐94, and cone calorimeter tests, which suggested that the medium‐sized Mg(OH)₂‐5 µm displayed the best flame retardancy. The residual char structure were analyzed and indicated that Mg(OH)₂‐5 µm could form a better protective layer than other sized particles, leading to the better flame retardancy to PBS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

烧碱预处理对莫代尔织物数码印花的影响

研究聚焦于100%莫代尔织物的预处理,以及随后的数码印花中烧碱(NaOH)对印花质量,即印花深度、印花亮度和织物实用价值的影响。结果显示烧碱对织物的外观和舒适度有总体影响。研究还给出了莫代尔织物预处理中烧碱的最优用量。     

强碱型活性白土生物柴油合成催化剂的制备及其应用

提出了一种强碱型活性白土催化剂的制备方法,并将此催化剂用于催化油脂的酯交换反应合成生物柴油。首先在活性白土载体上负载氢氧化钙,覆盖活性白土的酸活性中心并提供弱碱中心,然后在弱碱中心上负载氢氧化钠活性组分制备了负载固体碱催化剂。实验结果表明,氢氧化钙负载量为0.67 mmol/g就能覆盖活性白土的酸活性中心,然后在80℃、4倍水中,加入17 mmol NaOH/g土,氢氧化钠加入速度为1.11 mmol/min时,得到氢氧化钠负载量为3.4 mmol/g的固体碱催化剂。将该催化剂用于生物柴油酯交换反应,当催化剂用量为油脂质量的3%时,甲酯转化率超过97%,反应完成后生物柴油无需洗涤。     

Process Development for Permanganate Addition during Oxidative Leaching of Hanford Tank Sludge Simulants

Abstract

In previous studies, we have examined using sodium permanganate for selectively oxidizing and removing chromium from washed Hanford tank sludges. The conclusion from the previous work was that contact with sodium permanganate in a minimally caustic solution, i.e., 0.1 to 0.25 M [OH^–] initially, provided maximum Cr dissolution while minimizing concomitant Pu dissolution. This report describes work focused on developing simulants to be used in pilot scale oxidative leaching tests; developing methods for monitoring chromium oxidation by permanganate; and identifying the Cr and Mn materials formed during the oxidative leaching process. The impact of such variables as the Cr compound used, agitation rate, temperature, hydroxide concentration, and initial MnO₄ ^?:Cr ratio on the rate and extent of chromate formation were examined.     

氯化亚铁在氯化尾气淋洗中的应用研究

氯化亚铁溶液因其制备工艺简单，原料价格低廉等，被作为还原剂广泛应用于化工领域和冶金领域。试验主要应用其易与氯气发生化学反应的特点，创新地应用到氯化生产中的尾气治理方面，有效解决因长期依赖碱液淋洗尾气带来的管道堵塞现象及二次污染等问题。