Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of PNIPAM Microgel Films and Their Potential Use as Switchable Cell Culture Substrates

Thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel films are shown to allow controlled detachment of adsorbed cells via temperature stimuli. Cell response occurs on the timescale of several minutes, is reversible, and allows for harvesting of cells in a mild fashion. The fact that microgels are attached non‐covalently allows using them on a broad variety of (charged) surfaces and is a major advantage as compared to approaches relying on covalent attachment of active films. In the following, the microgels’ physico‐chemical parameters in the adsorbed state and their changes upon temperature variation are studied in order to gain a deeper understanding of the involved phenomena. By means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the water content, mechanical properties, and adhesion forces of the microgel films are studied as a function of temperature. The analysis shows that these properties change drastically when crossing the critical temperature of the polymer film, which is the basis of the fast cell response upon temperature changes. Furthermore, nanoscale mechanical analysis shows that the films posses a nanoscopic gradient in mechanical properties.     

低松弛预应力钢绞线松弛试验数据线性回归模型

用数理统计方法建立了低松弛钢绞线松弛试验数据的线性回归模型，用于推算１０００ｈ松弛值。根据计算结果．能够分析和判定试样是否满足规范要求，并能对松弛试验的有效性和回归结果可靠性进行评价。     

Historical data learning based dynamic LSP routing for overlay IP/MPLS over WDM networks

Overlay IP/MPLS over WDM network is a promising network architecture starting to gain wide deployments recently. A desirable feature of such a network is to achieve efficient routing with limited information exchanges between the IP/MPLS and the WDM layers. This paper studies dynamic label switched path (LSP) routing in the overlay IP/MPLS over WDM networks. To enhance network performance while maintaining its simplicity, we propose to learn from the historical data of lightpath setup costs maintained by the IP-layer integrated service provider (ISP) when making routing decisions. Using a novel historical data learning scheme for logical link cost estimation, we develop a new dynamic LSP routing method named Existing Link First (ELF) algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the existing ones under different traffic loads, with either limited or unlimited numbers of optical ports. Effects of the number of candidate routes, add/drop ratio and the amount of historical data are also evaluated.     

Improvement of the cell performance in the ZnS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by the sputter deposition of a bilayer ZnO : Al film

ZnS is a candidate to replace CdS as the buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells for Cd‐free commercial product. However, the resistance of ZnS is too large, and the photoconductivity is too small. Therefore, the thickness of the ZnS should be as thin as possible. However, a CIGS solar cell with a very thin ZnS buffer layer is vulnerable to the sputtering power of the ZnO : Al window layer deposition because of plasma damage. To improve the efficiency of CIGS solar cells with a chemical‐bath‐deposited ZnS buffer layer, the effect of the plasma damage by the sputter deposition of the ZnO : Al window layer should be understood. We have found that the efficiency of a CIGS solar cell consistently decreases with an increase in the sputtering power for the ZnO : Al window layer deposition onto the ZnS buffer layer because of plasma damage. To protect the ZnS/CIGS interface, a bilayer ZnO : Al film was developed. It consists of a 50‐nm‐thick ZnO : Al plasma protection layer deposited at a sputtering power of 50 W and a 100‐nm‐thick ZnO : Al conducting layer deposited at a sputtering power of 200 W. The introduction of a 50‐nm‐thick ZnO : Al layer deposited at 50 W prevented plasma damage by sputtering, resulting in a high open‐circuit voltage, a large fill factor, and shunt resistance. The ZnS/CIGS solar cell with the bilayer ZnO : Al film yielded a cell efficiency of 14.68%. Therefore, the application of bilayer ZnO : Al film to the window layer is suitable for CIGS solar cells with a ZnS buffer layer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A complete resistance extraction methodology and circuit models for typical TSV structures

Through-silicon via (TSV) is one of the key technologies on three-dimensional integration packaging. In this article, an experimental methodology with circuit models was proposed for electrical characteristic tests on typical TSV structures. To this end, self-developed test patterns such as the via chains, the snake interconnections and the Kelvin structures with different dimensions were designed and manufactured. Suitable electrical measurement methodologies were next employed to characterise the element behaviours of the patterns. Based on the experimental data, electrical circuit models for the TSV structures were introduced and the parameters of the model were exacted. The validity and accuracy of the electrical model were finally verified and the TSV characteristic measurements can be performed through a simpler process.     

纸机定量水分通用控制算法

造纸过程中，由于纸机种类及生产纸种不同，控制对象的结构和参数也各异。本文给出一种纸机定量水分通用模型的表示方法，并着重说明在该通用模型的基础上，通过最优解耦，控制模型拟合，控制参数选取等通用步骤，获得纸机定量水分的通用控制算法，使系统稳定并具有良好的动态性能。     

Einflu? von Ethanol auf den Trocknungsverlauf und die Makrostruktur eines Einzel-Zellmaterials aus Apfelparenchym (Sorte Granny Smith)

Ethanol pre-treated apple parenchyma cells are dried in a laboratory vacuum dryer. Various ethanol contents (75 to 95% m/m) and moisture contents (2 to 15 g ethanol-water-mixture per g dry mass) of the cells were adjusted before drying and the influence of these factors on drying behaviour as well as the related structural changes are studied. The initial ethanol content was found to have a significant influence on both, drying behaviour and macrostructure of the dried material. In the case of a low initial value, the ethanol content during drying already drops at moisture contents of about 0.5–1.5 g/g. As a consequence the residual particle moisture consists mainly of water at the end of drying. In contrast to high initial ethanol contents, cells at a low initial ethanol content become strongly deformed on drying. The porosity of the dried material also decreases in the latter case, relatively large and stable aggregates are formed and the water binding capacity of the dried product has diminished on a large scale. The initial moisture content influences the drying behaviour especially on applying low initial ethanol contents. If the initial moisture content is reduced the drop of the ethanol content is shifted towards the end of the drying process. The influence of initial moisture content on macrostructure, however, was found to be small compared with the effect of the initial ethanol content.

     

QoS区分的无线通信仿生建模

为了实现动态网络环境下的自适应QoS区分服务,提出了QoS区分的无线通信仿生竞争模型,模型借用LV(Lotka-Volterra)生物竞争模型的思想,建立生态系统与无线网络之间的映射关系,同时结合IEEE 802.11e协议设置不同优先级,并将模型瞬时输出值和稳态输出值作为各数据流的发送速率.与传统的QoS区分服务机制EDCA相比,显著提高了网络系统自适应性和快速收敛性,对突发数据流具有很强的抗扰动性,同时有效改善了数据传输友好性,避免了网络拥塞.     

基于Matlab单边带系统仿真

为了提高相关通信设备课程的理论教学效果,根据单边带信号调制解调的原理及产生方法,采用Matlab软件,利用其集成仿真环境Simulink以及编程分别对单边带调制解调系统进行了仿真,得到了单边带调制解调系统各个环节的理论波形,给出了具有实际应用价值的仿真模型,能实现任意输入信号源的单边带调制解调处理过程。     

浅谈实用新型创造性评判中的“技术领域”

实用新型创造性判断中,现有技术的领域是判断现有技术是否给出了“技术启示”的重要考虑因素,如何认定“相近或相关的技术领域”往往成为争论的焦点.本文基于专利法和审查指南的相关规定,通过对一个典型案例的分析,得出基于产品的功能原理和现有技术的内在关联性,来认定现有技术是否属于“相近或相关的技术领域”.