封隔器胶筒接触应力分布有限元计算

利用ANSYS软件对3种封隔器胶筒的接触应力进行了有限元计算，得到了接触应力沿胶筒轴向的分布情况。比较不同结构封隔器胶筒在相同条件下的接触应力分布，可知新型封隔器胶筒在高压下接触应力分布更为均匀合理，具有较好的应用前景。     

Helicoseir as Shape of a Rotating String (I): 2D Theory and Simulation Using ANCF

A physically simple but mathematically cumbersome problem of rotating heavy string with one fixed top point was studied. A nonlinear equation of its two-dimensional shapes of relative equilibrium was obtained and solved numerically. A linear case of small displacements was analyzed in terms of Bessel functions. The qualitative and quantitative behavior of the problem is discussed with the help of a bifurcation diagram. Dynamics of the two-dimensional model near the equilibrium positions were studied with the help of a simulation using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF); the equilibriums were found to be instable. The reason for instability is explained using a variational principle. The outlines for further full three-dimensional analysis are briefly proposed in this paper, and the full derivation will be explained in the next paper.     

基于有限元分析的金刚石钻头强度验算公式

在对81／2B125金刚石钻头进行有限元计算分析后，找出最大应力点在金刚石钻头冠部切削告处。通过改变各相关尺寸和结构型式，用有限元法模拟试验过程，在给定结构参数和工艺参数情况下获得多组数据。根据专业知识，参考有限元计算获取的各组数据变化特征，选出拟合较好的公式类型，再采用回归分析方法确定待定系数，最后得出工程上实用的金刚石钻头强度验算公式。用这个公式对81／2B461W和121／4B331金刚石钻头进行了强度验算，经改进设计后钻头在现场使用取得了良好的效果。     

热流体喷射变形机理与喷嘴结构

高速短程纺技术能生产三维卷曲短纤维,该技术的关键之一是热流体喷射装置。本文介绍了热流体喷射装置的演变与特点及它的加工机理和某些已应用的实际装置。     

穿透裂纹和表面半椭圆裂纹模型的失效评定曲线比较

针对弹塑性材料裂纹管道的J积分计算建立了等效穿透裂纹和表面半椭圆裂纹2种有限元模型。在等效穿透裂纹模型中应用了1／4节点单元，在表面裂纹模型中采用了线弹簧单元。用这2种模型计算J积分，分别对3个实际含裂纹管段建立了失效评定曲线。比较了2种模型的失效评定曲线和R6通用曲线的差别，指出穿透裂纹模型偏于保守，建议在油气管道断裂的工程评定中采用半椭圆表面裂纹模型。     

Finite element micromechanical modelling of unidirectional fibre-reinforced metal-matrix composites

Typical finite element formulations and models for unidirectional composite materials are reviewed. The application of micromechanical finite element analysis to the modelling of unidirectional fibre-reinforced metal-matrix composites is demonstrated by presenting some studies from recent publications. It is shown that while analytical models offer a simple tool for obtaining the overall response of composites, finite element analysis provides more accurate and detailed characterisation of composite properties for complicated geometries and constituent property variations. Various effects that influence the stress/strain response and fibre/matrix deformation of composites are studied through modelling. These effects include the fibre coating and reaction layer, fibre shape and distribution, metallurgical and environmental factors, stress distributions and damage. It is demonstrated that the properties and constituent phase interaction of metal-matrix composites are best modelled by finite element analysis. It is emphasized that in order to obtain good predictions, the models must be coupled with first-hand characterisations of the constituent phases and their interactions, including the thermal history of the specimens.     

改进的FD—TD法分析二维理想导体TM近区散射问题

本文针对一般ＦＤ－ＴＤ方法分析计算二维理想导体散射问题所遇到散射体边角处难以精确处理的缺点进行了改进。将边角处总场近似解析解直接引入ＦＤ－ＴＤ法差分公式，得到了有关修正系数，为了检验此方法的有效性，有无限长导体方柱为例分别用一般ＦＤ－ＴＤ法和本文的ＦＤ－ＴＤ方法进行了分析研究，并与ＭＯＭ法进行了比较，所得结果说明改进后的ＦＤ－ＴＤ方法对分析计算导体边角附近电流分布特性是较有效的。     

Simulation of water and nitrogen dynamics in soils during wastewater applications by using a finite-element model

A mathematical model was developed to simulate water movement, mass transport, and nitrogen transformations in soils during wastewater applications. The model is one-dimensional and based on the Galerkin finite-element method. The submodel of mass transport of nitrogen incorporates the convection-dispersion processes of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification, ammonium exchange and uptake of ammonium and nitrate ions. The accuracy and validity of the proposed model was examined by comparison with an explicit-implicit finite-difference model results. The model was used for simulation of water and nitrogen dynamics during wastewater application in homogeneous and multi-layered soils under different N concentration, rate, duration and scheduling of application.     

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW INDUCED BY ROTATING BLADES IN AN INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLUID

Aerodynamic loads on a multi-bladed helicopter rotor in hovering flight were calculated by solving the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The rotor wake effects were accounted by the correction of local geometric angle of attack according to a free-wake modeling in addition to an empirical modification for the tip flow effect. The validity and efficiency of the present method were verified by the comparisons between numerical results and experimental data.     

Mesh‐independent p‐orthotropic enrichment using the generalized finite element method

This paper is aimed at presenting a simple yet effective procedure to implement a mesh‐independent p‐orthotropic enrichment in the generalized finite element method. The procedure is based on the observation that shape functions used in the GFEM can be constructed from polynomials defined in any co‐ordinate system regardless of the underlying mesh or type of element used. Numerical examples where the solution possesses boundary or internal layers are solved on coarse tetrahedral meshes with isotropic and the proposed p‐orthotropic enrichment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.