挡潮闸闸墩高性能大体积混凝土温度效应与控制

为了解决某挡潮闸枢纽工程中高性能大体积混凝土结构浇筑时的温度控制问题,避免因混凝土干缩、自体积变形、外部约束和温度效应等因素引起混凝土开裂,取闸室底板和中墩进行三维有限元建模,对闸墩采取不同的温控措施,进行闸墩温度场和温度应力场的仿真分析,研究闸墩冷却水管布置方案的温控效果并提出科学合理的温度控制措施,为现场科学施工提供理论指导。仿真结果表明:通水冷却效果良好,闸墩均未出现裂缝;在混凝土浇筑初期采取降低入仓温度和通水冷却等降温措施来减小由于混凝土水化热引起的最大温升,可以有效减小混凝土温降阶段的降温幅度;控制最大温升、内外温差及温降速率是大体积混凝土闸墩温控防裂的关键。     

正交试验法在感潮河口水闸闸下冲淤试验中的应用

河口水闸闸下淤积问题非常普遍,需通过水力冲淤来解决。影响水力冲淤效率的因素主要有闸上水位、下游潮位、下泄流量、闸下淤积高度、潮沟情况等。通过温州殴飞滩南2#闸水工模型实例,介绍使用正交试验法研究这5个因素对水力冲淤效率的影响,得到影响水沙比的主要因素以及各个因素之间的主次关系,为河口水闸的运行调度、冲淤等提供技术依据。     

感潮河口平原防洪排涝的探索——以浙江省某河口为例

我国海岸线绵长,河口港湾众多,东南沿海地区在台风季节经常不同程度地受到台风影响。台风期的强降雨和风暴潮给很多地区带来洪涝灾害,造成较大的经济损失。以浙江省某感潮河口地区为例,充分利用河口地区特殊地理条件,提出将河口挡潮闸外移以增加调蓄容积,保障区域防洪排涝安全,并以此作为一种提高沿海感潮河口防洪排涝能力的思路。     

感潮河段水沙数学模型研究与应用

感潮河段的水流和泥沙运动均具有很强的非恒定性,采用有限体积法建立了一套感潮河段平面二维水流泥沙数学模型。模型采用同位网格的SIMPLEC法对水流方程进行离散和求解,较全面地考虑了非均匀悬移质及推移质运动,具有较好的普遍适用性。以长江下游口岸直河段和仪征河段为例,分别对模型作了定床和动床计算,计算结果与实测值符合较好,从而证明了模型的可靠性。     

苏制215MW机组调峰运行问题探讨

针对我国目前大容量机组的投产和小容量机组的关停,漳泽发电厂由原来的基荷电厂改为调峰电厂.为适应网间潮流要求,机组运行工况发生了很大变化,产生了许多问题.着重对苏制215 MW燃煤机组在网间潮流调峰过程中如何选择最佳调峰方式,使变负荷调峰的参数达到优化、运行方式进行了较深入的分析,结合电网情况,确定了最佳调峰运行方式,对机组出现的若干问题给出了有建设性的结论.     

感潮河段和河口湾的污染物弥散研究

分析研究了污染物在感潮河段和河口湾的弥散过程，介绍了实用性较强的污染物弥散一维分析模式．     

Influence of blade deformation and yawed inflow on performance of a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine

For a better design of tidal stream turbines operated in off-design conditions, analyses considering the effects of blade deformation and yawed inflow conditions are necessary. The flow load causes deformation of the blade, and the deformation affects the turbine performance in return. Also, a yawed inflow influences the performance of the turbine. As a validation study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out to predict the performance of a horizontal axis tidal stream turbine (HATST) with rigid blades. The numerical uncertainty for the turbine performance with blade deformation and a yawed inflow was evaluated using the concept of the grid convergence index (GCI). A fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis was carried out to estimate the performance of a turbine with flexible composite blades, with the results then compared to those of an analysis with rigid blades. The influence of yawed inflow conditions on the turbine performance was investigated and found to be important in relation to power predictions in the design stages.     

Blade sections for wind turbine and tidal current turbine applications–current status and future challenges

The designers of horizontal axis wind turbines and tidal current turbines are increasingly focusing their attention on the design of blade sections appropriate for specific applications. In modern large wind turbines, the blade tip is designed using a thin airfoil for high lift : drag ratio, and the root region is designed using a thick version of the same airfoil for structural support. A high lift to drag ratio is a generally accepted requirement; however, although a reduction in the drag coefficient directly contributes to a higher aerodynamic efficiency, an increase in the lift coefficient does not have a significant contribution to the torque, as it is only a small component of lift that increases the tangential force while the larger component increases the thrust, necessitating an optimization. An airfoil with a curvature close to the leading edge that contributes more to the rotation will be a good choice; however, it is still a challenge to design such an airfoil. The design of special purpose airfoils started with LS and SERI airfoils, which are followed by many series of airfoils, including the new CAS airfoils. After nearly two decades of extensive research, a number of airfoils are available; however, majority of them are thick airfoils as the strength is still a major concern. Many of these still show deterioration in performance with leading edge contamination. Similarly, a change in the freestream turbulence level affects the performance of the blade. A number of active and passive flow control devices have been proposed and tested to improve the performance of blades/turbines. The structural requirements for tidal current turbines tend to lead to thicker sections, particularly near the root, which will cause a higher drag coefficient. A bigger challenge in the design of blades for these turbines is to avoid cavitation (which also leads to thicker sections) and still obtain an acceptably high lift coefficient. Another challenge for the designers is to design blades that give consistent output at varying flow conditions with a simple control system. The performance of a rotating blade may be significantly different from a non‐rotating blade, which requires that the design process should continue till the blade is tested under different operating conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分区循环堆载预压在滩涂地基处理的应用研究

以某大型钢铁厂新近围圈一滩涂地基处理为例,根据场地的地质特征、土方资源分布及项目规划情况,提出了三种地基处理方案,通过比选,选取了分区循环堆载预压处理方案,经监测检验,说明采用该地基处理方法效果较好,为其他类似工程提供了参考依据。     

The role of tidal asymmetry in characterizing the tidal energy resource of Orkney

When selecting sites for marine renewable energy projects, there are a wide range of economical and practical constraints to be considered, from the magnitude of the resource through to proximity of grid connections. One factor that is not routinely considered in tidal energy site selection, yet which has an important role in quantifying the resource, is tidal asymmetry, i.e. variations between the flood and ebb phases of the tidal cycle. Here, we present theory and develop a high-resolution three-dimensional ROMS tidal model of Orkney to examine net power output for a range of sites along an energetic channel with varying degrees of tidal asymmetry. Since power output is related to velocity cubed, even small asymmetries in velocity lead to substantial asymmetries in power output. We also use the 3D model to assess how tidal asymmetry changes with height above the bed, i.e. representing different device hub heights, how asymmetry affects turbulence properties, and how asymmetry is influenced by wind-driven currents. Finally, although there is minimal potential for tidal phasing over our study site, we demonstrate that regions of opposing flood- versus ebb-dominant asymmetry occurring over short spatial scales can be aggregated to provide balanced power generation over the tidal cycle.