元江芦荟不同部位香气物质差异性分析

利用顶空-气相色谱-串联质谱(HS-GC-MS/MS)联用分析法在线分析云南元江库拉索芦荟根、叶表皮、凝胶3个部位的香气主要成分,采用峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果表明,元江芦荟不同部位香气物质差异性较大。     

Metformin Reduces Lipogenesis Markers in Obese Mice Fed a Low-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diet

Lipogenesis is the process by which fatty acids are synthesized. In metabolic syndrome, an insulin resistant state along with high plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and hyperglycemia may contribute to the lipogenic process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of metformin on the expression of lipogenic genes and glycemic profile in mice fed with low‐carbohydrate high‐fat diet by evaluating their metabolic profile. SWISS male mice were divided into 4 groups (N = 7) that were fed with standard (ST), standard plus metformin (ST + MET), low‐carbohydrate high‐fat diet (LCHFD) and low‐carbohydrate high‐fat diet plus metformin (LCHFD + MET) (100 mg kg^?1 diet) diets respectively. Food intake, body weight and blood parameters, such as glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, glucose, HDL‐c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, ASL and ALT levels were assessed. Histological analyses were performed on hematoxylin and eosin‐stained epididymal adipose tissue histological specimens. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), were assessed by RT‐PCR. This study showed that metformin decreased adipocyte area, body weight and food consumption in obese animals when compared to the standard group. Furthermore, the expression of lipogenic markers in adipose tissue were diminished in obese animals treated with metformin. This data showed that oral administration of metformin improved glucose and lipid metabolic parameters in white adipose tissue by reducing the expression of lipogenesis markers, suggesting an important clinical application of MET in treating obesity‐related diseases in metabolic syndrome.     

Physico-chemical and biological studies on three-dimensional porous silk/spray-dried mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds

The incorporation of a bioactive inorganic phase in polymeric scaffolds is a good strategy for the improvement of the bioactivity and the mechanical properties, which represent crucial features in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this study, spray-dried mesoporous bioactive glass particles (SD-MBG), belonging to the binary system of SiO₂-CaO (80:20 mol%), were used to prepare composite scaffolds by freeze-drying technique, using a silk fibroin matrix. The physico-chemical and biological properties of the scaffolds were extensively studied. The scaffolds showed a highly interconnected porosity with a mean pore size in the range of 150 µm for both pure silk and silk/SD-MBG scaffolds. The elastic moduli of the silk and silk/SD-MBG scaffolds were 1.1±0.2 MPa and 6.9±1.0 MPa and compressive strength were 0.5±0.05 MPa and 0.9±0.2 MPa, respectively, showing a noticeable increase of the mechanical properties of the composite scaffolds compared to the silk ones. The contact angle value decreased from 105.3° to 71.2° with the incorporation of SD-MBG particles. Moreover, the SD-MBG incorporation countered the lack of bioactivity of the silk scaffolds inducing the precipitation of hydroxyapatite layer on their surface already after 1 day of incubation in simulated body fluid. The composite scaffolds showed good biocompatibility and a good alkaline phosphatase activity toward human mesenchymal stromal cells, showing the ability for their use as three-dimensional constructs for bone tissue engineering.     

Making Nonwoven Fibrous Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Constructs for Antimicrobial and Tissue Engineering Applications by Pressurized Melt Gyration

A pressurized melt gyration process has been used for the first time to generate poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fibers. Gyration speed, working pressure, and melt temperature are varied and these parameters influence the fiber diameter and the temperature enabled changing the surface morphology of the fibers. Two types of nonwoven PCL fiber constructs are prepared. First, Ag‐doped PCL is studied for antibacterial activity using Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms. The melt temperature used to make these constructs significantly influences antibacterial activity. Neat PCL nonwoven scaffolds are also prepared and their potential for application in muscular tissue engineering is studied with myoblast cells. Results show significant cell attachment, growth, and proliferation of cells on the scaffolds.

     

人参皂苷诱导骨髓间充质干细胞对急性肝功能衰竭大鼠肝组织再生及Wnt/β-catenin信号表达的影响

目的:分析人参皂苷诱导骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）对急性肝功能衰竭（ALF）大鼠肝组织再生及Wnt/β-catenin信号表达的影响。方法:选取SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠66只,其中1只行BMSCs培养,随机选取50只大鼠制备ALF模型,24 h后随机选取其中5只断颈处死,依据大鼠肝功能与组织病理学判别其是否成功造模。剩余15只大鼠将等剂量0.9%氯化钠溶液腹腔注入,作为正常组。成功造模的45只大鼠随机分成3组,分别为BMSCs组、模型组及人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组,每组各15只。造模后6 h,模型组和正常组大鼠由尾静脉注入1 mL细胞培养液,BMSCs组注入1 mL BMSCs悬液（细胞浓度2.0×109/L）,人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组注入1 mL人参皂苷诱导分化BMSCs悬液（细胞浓度2.0×109/L）,连续给药10 d。观察大鼠肝脏组织病理状况,血清总胆红素（TBil） 、AST、ALT、TNF-α、IL-6含量,肝组织内Wnt7b、Wnt7a及Wnt2基因表达。结果:正常组大鼠肝细胞无坏死、变性,整齐排列,肝小叶结构清晰,汇管区内没有炎性细胞浸润;模型组大鼠肝细胞表征为广泛坏死,肝小叶内全部肝细胞溶解坏死,网状的支架发生塌陷,汇管区和周边存在大量粒细胞、单核细胞与淋巴细胞的浸润,残余肝细胞变性、肿胀且伴随胆汁淤积;BMSCs组及人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠肝小叶结构趋向完整,肝细胞坏死、变性数量减少,汇管区内有少许炎性细胞浸润,人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组又优于BMSCs组。和正常组相比,模型组大鼠血清TBil、AST、ALT、IL-6及TNF-α含量上升;和模型组相比,BMSCs组、人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠血清TBil、AST、ALT、IL-6及TNF-α含量降低;和BMSCs组相比,人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠血清TBil、AST、ALT、IL-6及TNF-α含量降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。和正常组相比,模型组大鼠肝组织内Wnt7b、Wnt7a、Wnt2 mRNA相对表达量降低;和模型组相比,BMSCs组、人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠肝组织内Wnt7b、Wnt7a、Wnt2 mRNA相对表达量升高;和BMSCs组相比,人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠肝组织内Wnt7b、Wnt7a、Wnt2 mRNA相对表达量升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:人参皂苷诱导BMSCs可显著改善ALF大鼠肝功能,其作用机制可能为激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路加速肝脏再生。     

Digital light processing stereolithography of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with bone-like architecture,permeability, and mechanical properties

This work deals with the additive manufacturing and characterization of hydroxyapatite scaffolds mimicking the trabecular architecture of cancellous bone. A novel approach was proposed relying on stereolithographic technology, which builds foam-like ceramic scaffolds by using three-dimensional (3D) micro-tomographic reconstructions of polymeric sponges as virtual templates for the manufacturing process. The layer-by-layer fabrication process involves the selective polymerization of a photocurable resin in which hydroxyapatite particles are homogeneously dispersed. Irradiation is performed by a dynamic mask that projects blue light onto the slurry. After sintering, highly-porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds (total porosity ~0.80, pore size 100-800 µm) replicating the 3D open-cell architecture of the polymeric template as well as spongy bone were obtained. Intrinsic permeability of scaffolds was determined by measuring laminar airflow alternating pressure wave drops and was found to be within 0.75-1.74 × 10⁻⁹ m², which is comparable to the range of human cancellous bone. Compressive tests were also carried out in order to determine the strength (~1.60 MPa), elastic modulus (~513 MPa) and Weibull modulus (m = 2.2) of the scaffolds. Overall, the fabrication strategy used to print hydroxyapatite scaffolds (tomographic imaging combined with digital mirror device [DMD]-based stereolithography) shows great promise for the development of porous bioceramics with bone-like architecture and mass transport properties.     

适应卓越工程师培养的化学工程与工艺实验教改研究

针对化学工程与工艺实验特点,提出了适应＂卓越工程师教育培养计划＂的教学改革措施：整合实验教学大纲,购置实验设备,优化教学方法,规范考核方式和加强师资队伍建设。实践表明,改革有利于提高学生工程实践能力、工程设计能力与工程创新能力。     

Stimulations of strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate for bone tissue engineering to protein secretion and mRNA expression of the angiogenic growth factors from endothelial cells in vitro

The vascularization of tissue-engineered bone is the key problem needed solving before application of tissue-engineered bone in clinical practice. Meanwhile, endothelial cells are the major and important source of seed cells in bone tissue engineering, and significant on promoting vascularization in tissue-engineered bone. Vascularization (namely angiogenesis) is a process mainly controlled by several angiogenic growth factors (VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2) which can be secreted by endothelial cells. Therefore, the research on the stimulations of SCPP to the secretion of the angiogenic growth factors from endothelial cells is very important. This study was performed to determine the ability of strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate (SCPP) to induce angiogenesis by detecting the protein secretion levels and mRNA expression of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 from cultured endothelial cells. As a control, we also researched the effect of HA on the mRNA expressions and protein secretion of angiogenic growth factors from cultured endothelial cells. We cultured endothelial cells with SCPP scaffolds containing various concentration of strontium and HA. The results obtained in the MTT and SEM tests indicated that endothelial cells on SCPP scaffold exhibited higher proliferation rate and were easy to get a good spread than them on CPP, the best state of growth and proliferation of cells could be observed on 8%SCPP. The results of ELISA demonstrated that the protein levels of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 from cultured endothelial cells increased with the increasing Sr doped in calcium polyphosphate in SCPP groups, the peaks appeared on 8%SCPP. All SCPP groups showed a better ability to stimulate the protein secretion of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 from endothelial cells relative to CPP group and HA group. The results of RT-PCR suggested that the 8%SCPP group exhibited a significantly higher mRNA expression of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 relative to CPP group and HA group. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that 8%SCPP had obvious promotion for secretion and mRNA expression of angiogenic growth factors from cultured endothelial cells.     

自动化专业卓越工程师培养的探索与实践简

卓越工程师教育培养计划是我国工程教育改革创新的切入点和突破口,是建设创新型国家、培养主动适应社会需求的高质量工程人才的必然选择。我院以培养具有工程实践能力、创新能力和国际竞争力的人才为培养目标,构建“一主线、三平台、五能力”的卓越人才培养方案,从课程体系、校企联合培养、师资队伍建设等方面探讨卓越人才培养模式。     

Calcium Cl/OH-apatite,Cl/OH-apatite/Al2O3 and Ca3(PO4)2 fibre nonwovens: Potential ceramic components for osteosynthesis

Polycrystalline calcium phosphate ((Cl/OH)Ap = Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH/Cl); TCP = Ca₃(PO₄)₂) fibres were prepared from aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and phosphoric acid using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as spinning aid. Generation of nonwoven materials was accomplished via rotary jet spinning. Polycrystalline (Cl/OH)Ap fibres 10–25 μm in diameter were obtained with 37% ceramic yield by pyrolysis of the green fibres followed by sintering at 1150 °C in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis provided evidence for apatite formation starting at 650 °C while (Cl/OH)Ap ceramic fibres were obtained at 1100 °C via transformation through intermediate dicalcium dichloride hydrogen phosphate (Ca₂Cl₂(HPO₄)) and calcium pyrophosphate (Ca₂P₂O₇) phases. A glass-forming Al-based additive was applied to enhance the mechanical properties of the Cl/OH)Ap ceramic fibres and indeed resulted in the formation of (Cl/OH)Ap/Al₂O₃ fibres with improved mechanical stability. Finally, TCP, (Cl/OH)Ap and (Cl/OH)Ap/Al₂O₃ fibres were subjected to seeding with mesenchymal stem cells. Negligible cytotoxicity is observed.