Relative expression and regulation by short-term fasting of lysophosphatidic acid receptors and autotaxin in white and brown adipose tissue depots

Lysophosphatidic acid (lysoPtdOH) levels have previously been reported to decrease in rodents with short-term fasting. We investigated whether a 16 h fast would change expression of autotaxin, the predominant phospholipase D responsible for adipose-derived lysoPtdOH synthesis, or any of the lysophosphatidic acid receptors (1–6) in four white adipose tissue (WAT) depots and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in male C57Bl/6J mice fed ad libitum, or fasted for 16 h. Aside from small inductions of Lpar1 in epididymal WAT and Lpar2 in epididymal and inguinal WAT, no significant changes were observed in expression of the Lpar family members, or autotaxin in perirenal, retroperitoneal, epididymal, or inguinal WAT or BAT with fasting. Comparison of the relative expression of Lpar1-6 in various depots showed that Lpar6 was the predominant Lpar in both WAT and BAT, and suggests that further work on the adipose-specific role of Lpar6 is warranted.     

废纸脱墨浆抄造薄页包装纸系统中DCS的特性分析

对废纸脱墨浆抄造薄页包装纸系统中溶解与胶体物质（DCS）的特性进行了分析;结果表明,对于脱墨浆,漂白塔浆料中DCS的各项性能指标最高,碱性H₂O₂漂白是引起脱墨浆中DCS溶出较多的主要原因;对于不同位置的纸料,由于纸机白水循环使得流浆箱纸料中DCS的各项性能指标最高。脱墨浆DCS中的碳水化合物主要是各种糖类及醛酸类物质,而甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）抽出物主要是由不同脂肪酸、树脂酸、甘油酯、甾醇酯和木质素降解产物组成。     

100%废纸浆生产彩色薄页纸

本文主要介绍以100%废纸浆为原料生产彩色薄页纸在生产中如何消除黏胶物障碍、纸张增强处理以及工艺优化的生产实践。     

生活用纸浆料纤维分析(Ⅰ)

对以废纸浆和原生浆生产的卫生纸原纸及其浆料进行纤维染色分析,探索这2个系列卫生纸原纸的纤维组成及形态差异.结果表明,废纸浆及其生产的卫生纸原纸中的纤维均可见油墨脏迹,有较高的有效残余油墨含量及荧光白度;与原生浆纤维相比,废纸浆纤维组成较复杂,均含有机械浆纤维甚至未分散开的机械浆纤维束,纤维帚化率较高.     

顶空气相色谱法快速检测生活用纸中的大肠菌群

基于大肠菌群在培养过程中生长繁殖数量与其代谢产物CO2释放量的关系,建立了一种利用顶空气相色谱技术快速检测生活用纸中大肠菌群的新方法。该方法的初发酵检测需要14 h,复发酵检测需要4 h,即得到一个阳性结果只需要18 h,与传统的方法（需要72 h）相比,大大提高了检测的效率。     

园区集中供汽卫生纸机的节能分析与实践

对造纸工业园区集中供汽情况下卫生纸机用汽用能存在的问题进行分析,结合3个工程实例,针对性地对蒸汽冷凝水系统、烘缸干燥系统和气罩及其热风系统等提出节能方案,介绍了工程实施的节能效果。     

Expansion-Based Clearing of Golgi-Cox-Stained Tissue for Multi-Scale Imaging

Obtaining fine neuron morphology and connections data is extraordinarily useful in understanding the brain’s functionality. Golgi staining is a widely used method for revealing neuronal morphology. However, Golgi-Cox-stained tissue is difficult to image in three dimensions and lacks cell-type specificity, limiting its use in neuronal circuit studies. Here, we describe an expansion-based method for rapidly clearing Golgi-Cox-stained tissue. The results show that 1 mm thick Golgi-Cox-stained tissue can be cleared within 6 hours with a well preserved Golgi-Cox-stained signal. At the same time, we found for the first time that the cleared Golgi-Cox-stained samples were compatible with three-dimensional (3D) immunostaining and multi-round immunostaining. By combining the Golgi-Cox staining with tissue clearing and immunostaining, Golgi-Cox-stained tissue could be used for large-volume 3D imaging, identification of cell types of Golgi-Cox-stained cells, and reconstruction of the neural circuits at dendritic spines level. More importantly, these methods could also be applied to samples from human brains, providing a tool for analyzing the neuronal circuit of the human brain.     

The Role of IL-22 in Wound Healing. Potential Implications in Clinical Practice

Wound healing is a complex process that is mediated and influenced by several cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine that plays a critical role in tissue regeneration. Our study is a systematic review that addressed the implications of IL-22 in the healing of wounds caused by external factors. Thirteen studies were included in our review, most of them being experimental studies. Three clinical studies underlined the potential role of IL-22 in day-to-day clinical practice. IL-22 plays a central role in wound healing, stimulating the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the cells involved in tissue repair. However, overexpression of IL-22 can cause negative effects, such as keloid scars or peritoneal adhesions. The results of the presented studies are promising, but further research that validates the roles of IL-22 in clinical practice and analyzes its potential implication in surgical healing is welcomed.     

Role of Obesity,Physical Exercise,Adipose Tissue-Skeletal Muscle Crosstalk and Molecular Advances in Barrett’s Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Both obesity and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) rates have increased sharply in the United States and Western Europe in recent years. EAC is a classic example of obesity-related cancer where the risk of EAC increases with increasing body mass index. Pathologically altered visceral fat in obesity appears to play a key role in this process. Visceral obesity may promote EAC by directly affecting gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus (BE), as well as a less reflux-dependent effect, including the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines and insulin resistance. Deregulation of adipokine production, such as the shift to an increased amount of leptin relative to “protective” adiponectin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of BE and EAC. This review discusses not only the epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity in BE and EAC, but also molecular alterations at the level of mRNA and proteins associated with these esophageal pathologies and the potential role of adipokines and myokines in these disorders. Particular attention is given to discussing the possible crosstalk of adipokines and myokines during exercise. It is concluded that lifestyle interventions to increase regular physical activity could be helpful as a promising strategy for preventing the development of BE and EAC.     

The Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration

Soft tissue defects are common following trauma and tumor extirpation. These injuries can result in poor functional recovery and lead to a diminished quality of life. The healing of skin and muscle is a complex process that, at present, leads to incomplete recovery and scarring. Regenerative medicine may offer the opportunity to improve the healing process and functional outcomes. Barriers to regenerative strategies have included cost, regulatory hurdles, and the need for cell-based therapies. In recent years, exosomes, or extracellular vesicles, have gained tremendous attention in the field of soft tissue repair and regeneration. These nanosized extracellular particles (30–140 nm) can break the cellular boundaries, as well as facilitate intracellular signal delivery in various regenerative physiologic and pathologic processes. Existing studies have established the potential of exosomes in regenerating tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves through different mechanisms, including promoting myogenesis, increasing tenocyte differentiation and enhancing neurite outgrowth, and the proliferation of Schwann cells. These exosomes can be stored for immediate use in the operating room, and can be produced cost efficiently. In this article, we critically review the current advances of exosomes in soft tissue (tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves) healing. Additionally, new directions for clinical applications in the future will be discussed.