Automated procedure to determine the thermodynamic stability of a material and the range of chemical potentials necessary for its formation relative to competing phases and compounds

We present a simple and fast algorithm to test the thermodynamic stability and determine the necessary chemical environment for the production of a multiternary material, relative to competing phases and compounds formed from the constituent elements. If the material is found to be stable, the region of stability, in terms of the constituent elemental chemical potentials, is determined from the intersection points of hypersurfaces in an (n−1)$(n-1)$-dimensional chemical potential space, where n$n$ is the number of atomic species in the material. The input required is the free energy of formation of the material itself, and that of all competing phases. Output consists of the result of the test of stability, the intersection points in the chemical potential space and the competing phase to which they relate, and, for two- and three-dimensional spaces, a file which may be used for visualization of the stability region. We specify the use of the program by applying it both to a ternary system and to a quaternary system. The algorithm automates essential analysis of the thermodynamic stability of a material. This analysis consists of a process which is lengthy for ternary materials, and becomes much more complicated when studying materials of four or more constituent elements, which have become of increased interest in recent years for technological applications such as energy harvesting and optoelectronics. The algorithm will therefore be of great benefit to the theoretical and computational study of such materials.     

Synthesis,characterization, and thermal properties of phosphorus‐containing,wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters

A series of phosphorus‐containing, wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters from acetylated 2‐(6‐oxide‐6H‐dibenz〈c,e〉〈1,2〉oxa phosphorin‐6‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydroxy phenylene, p‐acetoxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid were prepared by melting polycondensation. The structure and basic properties of the polymers, such as the glass‐transition temperature (T_g), melting temperature (T_m), thermal stability, crystallinity, and liquid crystallinity, were investigated with Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and hot‐stage polarizing optical microscopy. The copolyesters had relatively high T_g values ranging from 183 to 192°C. The T_m values obtained from DSC curves for samples P‐20 and P‐25 were 290 and 287°C, respectively (where the number in the sample name indicates the molar fraction of the phosphorus‐containing monomer in the reactants). The initial flow temperatures of other samples observed with hot‐stage polarizing microscopy were 271–290°C. The 5% degradation temperatures in nitrogen ranged from 431 to 462°C, and the char yields at 640°C were 41–52%. All the copolyesters, except P‐40, were thermotropic and nematic. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1278–1284, 2002     

不同预处理方法对玉米芯成分的影响

对辽宁康平和湖北襄樊产的两种玉米芯进行了原始成分分析,并分别用1%氢氧化钠、10%氨水、热水、氢氧化钠-过氧化氢溶液、1%硫酸进行处理,然后再进行成分测定,比较了不同的处理方法对玉米芯中纤维素、戊聚糖、木质素含量的影响。     

PMMA‐modified divinylester/styrene resins: Phase diagrams and morphologies

Binary and ternary experimental cloud‐point curves (CPCs) for systems formulated with a low molar mass synthesized divinylester (DVE) resin, styrene (St), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were determined. The CPCs results were analyzed with the Flory–Huggins (F‐H) thermodynamic model taking into account the polydispersity of the DVE and PMMA components, to calculate the different binary interaction parameters and their temperature dependences. The St‐DVE system is miscible in all the composition range and down to the crystallization temperature of the St; therefore, the interaction parameter expression reported for a higher molar mass DVE was adapted. The interaction parameters obtained were used to calculate the phase diagrams of the St‐PMMA and the DVE‐PMMA binary systems and that of the St‐DVE‐PMMA ternary system at three different temperatures. Quasiternary phase diagrams show liquid–liquid partial miscibility of the St‐PMMA and DVE‐PMMA pairs. At room temperature, the St‐DVE‐PMMA system is miscible at all compositions. Final morphologies of PMMA‐modified cured St‐DVE materials were generated by polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS) mechanism from initial homogeneous mixtures. SEM and TEM micrographs were obtained to analyze the generated final morphologies, which showed a direct correlation with the initial miscibility of the system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4539–4549, 2006     

Cross-evaluation-based weighted linear optimization for multi-criteria ABC inventory classification

Multi-criteria ABC inventory classification (MCIC), which aims to classify inventory items by considering more than one criterion, is one of the most widely employed techniques for inventory control. This paper suggests a cross-evaluation-based weighted linear optimization (CE-WLO) model for MCIC that incorporates a cross-efficiency evaluation method into a weighted linear optimization model for finer classification (or ranking) of inventory items. The present study demonstrated the inventory-management-cost effectiveness and advantages of the proposed model using a simulation technique to conduct a comparative experiment with the previous, related investigations. We established that the proposed model enables more accurate classification of inventory items and better inventory management cost effectiveness for MCIC, specifically by mitigating the adverse effect of flexibility in the choice of weights and yielding a unique ordering of inventory items.     

Discourse cues to deception in the case of multiple receivers

Behavioral cues to deception are instrumental in detecting deception. As one of the primary sources of deception behavior, text has been analyzed at the level of sub-sentence or message but not the discourse of interaction. Additionally, empirical studies on cues to deception in the case of multiple receivers remain nonexistent. To fill these voids, we propose a discourse framework and six hypotheses about deception behaviors in a multi-receiver environment. The deception behaviors are operationalized by discourse features based on an analysis of real-world data. The results of statistical analysis validate the efficacy of discourse features in discriminating deceivers from truth-tellers.     

农药残留分析样品前处理技术新进展

介绍了近年来农药残留样品前处理技术的新进展,并对此进行了评述和展望。     

胶带机拉紧装置的计算分析

从胶带机三种基本拉紧装置的特点出发，考虑可能出现的工况，编制计算机程序，全面地分析了三种拉紧装置对选用胶带的影响，同时对拉紧行程的范围也加以讨论。     

碳酸钙填充塑料成本分析

碳酸钙粉体经过活化、造粒处理填充到聚乙烯薄膜,可使填充制品成本降低。随着填料的增加,其加工性能逐渐变差,单位质量塑料产品体积减小。经测算,使用填充剂后成本的降低足以弥补因体积减小产生的损失。对于薄膜制品而言,填充量小于10%效益增加不明显;超过30%,则不容易稳定成膜,影响成品质量。