IMPROVEMENT ON FATIGUE LIFE OF ALLOY LY12CZ AFTER LASER RADIATION AND ITS DAMAGE EVOLUTION

The change of microstructure of fatigue specimens before and after laser radiation was studiedby transmission electron microscopy.The results show that the diameter of dislocation cell λtends to a constant at fatigue failure.Based on the principles of continuous damagemechanics,expressions of the fatigue damage criterion and processes of fatigue damage evolu-tion for L Y12CZ have been derived.     

EVA-g-GMA的制备及其对PLA/PHBV共混物性能的影响

通过熔融聚合法先制备了乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(EVA-gGMA),采用红外光谱仪和核磁共振对EVA-g-GMA的结构进行了表征。然后将不同质量分数的EVA-g-GMA加入到聚乳酸/聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PLA/PHBV)共混物中,对共混物的性能进行研究。结果表明:GMA成功接枝到EVA上,随着EVA-g-GMA加入量的增加,PHBV与PLA的Tg升高,结晶度逐渐下降;分散相在PLA基体中的分散逐渐均匀,粒径减小,相界面渐渐模糊;在EVA-g-GMA加入后,共混物粘度升高,断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别可达290.9%和43.5KJ·m-2,三元共混物的水蒸气阻隔性相对于PLA/PHBV略有下降。综合考虑各种因素,EVA-g-GMA的加入使得PLA/PHBV的整体性能得到极大改善。     

On the probability theory on MV algebras

 The paper contains a review of some results concerning probability theory on MV algebras (laws of large numbers, central limit theorem, martingale convergence theorem). Also some algebraic and methodical aspects are discussed.     

Mode III fracture of a magnetoelectroelastic layer: exact solution and discussion of the crack face electromagnetic boundary conditions

This paper develops a closed-form solution for anti-plane mechanical and in plane electric and magnetic fields in a magnetoelectroelastic layer of finite thickness. Explicit expressions for the stresses, electric fields, and magnetic fields, together with their intensity factors are obtained for the extreme cases for impermeable and permeable cracks. Solutions for some special cases, such as a magnetoelectroelastic layer with infinite thickness, are also obtained. Applicability of the crack face electromagnetic boundary conditions is discussed. It is found that the crack profile is important in obtaining the correct electromagnetic fields and their intensity factors. The stress intensity factor, however, does not depend on the crack face electromagnetic boundary condition assumptions.     

The perturbation method and the extended finite element method. An application to fracture mechanics problems

The extended finite element method has been successful in the numerical simulation of fracture mechanics problems. With this methodology, different to the conventional finite element method, discretization of the domain with a mesh adapted to the geometry of the discontinuity is not required. On the other hand, in traditional fracture mechanics all variables have been considered to be deterministic (uniquely defined by a given numerical value). However, the uncertainty associated with these variables (external loads, geometry and material properties, among others) it is well known. This paper presents a novel application of the perturbation method along with the extended finite element method to treat these uncertainties. The methodology has been implemented in a commercial software and results are compared with those obtained by means of a Monte Carlo simulation.     

A Continuum Mechanics Approach for Crack Initiation and Crack Growth Predictions

Very often, different approaches are used for crack initiation and crack growth predictions. The current article introduces a recently developed approach that can be used for the predictions of both crack initiation and crack propagation. A basic assumption is that both crack nucleation and crack growth are governed by the same fatigue damage mechanisms and a single fatigue damage criterion can model both stages. A rule is that any material point fails to form a fresh crack if the total accumulated fatigue damage reaches a limit. For crack initiation predictions, the stresses and strains are obtained either directly from experiments or though a numerical analysis. For the prediction of crack growth, the approach consists of two steps. Elastic‐plastic stress analysis is conducted to obtain the detailed stress‐strain responses. A general fatigue criterion is used to predict fatigue crack growth. Compact specimens made of 1070 steel were experimentally tested under constant amplitude loading with different R‐ratios and the overloading influence. The capability of the approach to predict both crack initiation and the crack growth under these loading conditions was demonstrated by comparing the predictions with the experimental observations.     

A finite element formulation to identify damage fields: the equilibrium gap method

It is proposed to determine damage parameters in two dimensions (surface of a material) or three dimensions (in the bulk of a solid) by using full‐field displacement measurements. A finite‐element approach is developed to evaluate piece‐wise constant elastic parameters modeled by an isotropic damage variable. Two sets of examples are discussed. The first series deals with mechanical fields obtained by finite element simulations to assess the performance of the approach. The second series is concerned with displacement measurements performed during a biaxial test on a composite material. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

经典概率论与贝尔定理

本文证明,被双缝衍射实验否定的是如下先入为主的假定:微观粒子通过某一条缝到达屏上某处的概率,与另一条缝是否打开无关。考虑到“概率的加法定理”,这种看法可表成:“当一个粒子束通过一个带有两条缝的隔板到达一个屏上时,在两条缝同时打开的条件下单个粒子落在屏上某处的概率,等于在两条缝轮流打开的条件下该粒子落在该处的两个概率之和。”把两条缝同时打开还是轮流打开这样的实验条件称为“通道条件”,则上述命题可表成“概率不依赖于通道条件”。 另一方面,按照上面的用语,量子力学中的“概率幅的迭加原理”应表成“概率幅不依赖于通道条件”。相应地,我们把“概率不依赖于通道条件”这一错误的命题称为“概率的迭加假定”。 由于没有引进“通道条件”,人们混淆了“概率的迭加假定”和“概率的加法定理”两个命题。经典物理学默认概率的迭加假定,从而不能理解双缝衍射实验;量子力学则相反,为了说明双缝衍射实验而否定概率的加法公式,从而遇到诠释上的困难。 任何替代量子力学解释量子现象的理论都得说明双缝衍射实验,这就必须引进通道条件或引进概率幅。而贝尔定理涉及的隐变量理论却不满足这一先决条件,因此,它必然与实验事实相矛盾。这样我们就重新发现了洛查克的论据:贝尔不等式与定域性原理无