Synergism of Toughening Mechanisms in Whisker-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites

The improved fracture resistance of whisker-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites involves more than one energy-absorbing mechanism. The possible mechanisms are reviewed and a micromechanical model evaluating the relative contributions to the overall toughness is presented. The mechanisms involve microcracking, load transfer, bridging, and crack deflection. The synergism of these mechanisms is examined using an energy release rate balance equation. The basic assumption of the proposed model is that the load transfer between the matrix and the whiskers is due to Coulomb friction. The model has been applied to an Al₂O₃/SiC whisker composite and shows reasonable agreement with reported experimental results. The role of the thermal residual stresses is also examined in light of the frictional load transfer assumption.     

短半径水平井铰链式井下动力钻具组合力学模型的建立与分析

铰链式井下动力钻具组合是当前短半径水平钻井中最先进的一种新型工具。本文首先建立了铰接式井下动力钻具组合在二维井身条件下的力学模型并介绍了该模型的求解方法和过程,详细分析了若干结构学数、井身几何参数和钻井工艺参数对钻头侧向力的定量影响,为铰接式井下动力钻具组合的结构设计和短半径水平井轨道控制提供了力学分析基础。     

钢纤维聚合物混凝土抗压本构关系

钢纤维聚合物混凝土是由聚合物混凝土基体和钢纤维共同组成的纤维增强复合材料，它的力学行为不仅依赖于聚合物混凝土基体的行为，而且与钢纤维的掺量、分散特征以及钢纤维的几何尺寸有关，本文将基于损伤力学原理研究在不同纤维掺量下的钢纤维聚合物混凝土的全程压力-应变曲线及其本构模型。     

聚丙烯增韧改性研究进展

综述了国内增韧改性聚丙烯的研究动向 ,介绍了近年来茂金属聚烯烃弹性体和有机/无机纳米粒子增韧聚丙烯的新技术     

Finite element simulation of the mechanics of flat contact pad fretting fatigue tests

An understanding into the macro kinetic and kinematic behaviour of fretted surfaces is provided. Making use of a modified version of a previously developed in‐house two‐dimensional elastic–plastic finite element analysis numerically simulates flat contact pad fretting fatigue tests. Basic macro mechanics concepts are adopted to idealise two bodies with rough contact surfaces and loaded at two different sites with arbitrary axial loading profiles. A time scale factor is devised to recognise the earliest candidate out of the events possibly accommodated at each loading increment. The present analysis utilises a relevant experimental set up developed in the Structural Integrity Research Institute of the University of Sheffield as an application. Computational results accurate to within 1.2% and corresponding to one contact pad span and six constant normal loads acting individually with four amplitudes of two sinusoidal axial load cycles are presented. The present computations include (1) the development of the global and local normal and tangential reactions and relative sliding displacement acting along the fretting surfaces and (2) contact pad deformation, generated stress fields and plasticity development within the neighbouring region of the fretted area.     

Crack redirection with thermal secondary loading

In the current paper crack redirection due to a strategic placing of a heat source in the vicinity of a crack tip is studied. Analysis suggests that for PMMA and considered temperature range the only factor responsible for the deviation of crack trajectory is thermal stress. The simulation of crack growth in PMMA under external tension and secondary heat loading shows that a moving heat source in the vicinity of a crack tip can serve as a pointer for the crack trajectory. In highly conductive materials, redirection can be possibly effected with low-power thermal dipoles.     

牙哈采油树腐蚀检查分析及对策

介绍塔里木牙哈凝析气田高温高压井口采油树腐蚀的现象，腐蚀机理及采取的措施，对其他油田采油树腐蚀的防治起到指导借鉴作用。     

混凝土多孔砖应用技术研究

在分析了多孔砖力学特点的基础上,通过分析和研究,找出克服由于设计、施工原因造成的混凝土多孔砖砌体强度下降的措施。     

LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE UNDER NON-PROPORTIONAL LOADING

A series of strain-controlled, low-cycle fatigue experiments have been conducted on 42CrMo steel under various loading paths including circular, square, cruciform, and rectangular paths. Present experiments have shown that there is additional hardening under non-proportional cyclic loading. Non-proportional cyclic additional hardening also results in a shorter life for multiaxial low cycle fatigue. A non-proportionality measure of strain path based on both a physical basis and macromechanical phenomena is proposed. The loading path effect on additional hardening is also described well. Low-cycle fatigue damage accumulation and the evolution process under non-proportional loading is analysed via the Continuum Damage Mechanics Model of Chaboche. A non-proportinality measure is introduced in the damage evolution equation and a modified Coffin-Manson type formula is derived. A novel fatigue life prediction approach based on the critical-plane concept of Brown and Miller is proposed.     

Al2O3/TiB2/SiCw三元复合材料的力学性能及显微结构

以Al₂O₃为基体,SiC晶须和TiB₂颗粒两种增韧剂,采用热压烧结工艺制备了Al₂O₃/TiB₂/SiC_w三元复合陶瓷材料。研究了热压工艺参数对材料致密度的影响和晶须含量对该复合材料的力学性能和显微结构的影响。结果表明;随晶须含量的增加,该复合材料的热压温度和保温时间需要相应的增加;晶须拔出、裂纹偏转和晶须的桥接为该复合材料的主要增韧机理;随晶须含量的增加,该材料的室温断裂韧性增加;该材料的断裂韧性随温度的升高而呈增大趋势,并且晶须含量越高,材料的高温断裂韧性增幅越大。