PBX炸药细观损伤的实验研究

为研究PBX炸药在冲击作用下的物理损伤、化学损伤及成热的物理机制,采用炸药爆炸驱动隔板实验技术对PBX炸药进行了冲击压缩实验,回收炸药试样并对其不同位置处的断面形貌进行SEM分析.结果表明,随着冲击能量的增加,其温度效应的影响越来越显著,损伤模式从物理损伤向化学损伤过渡.这为XDT问题中的"热点"形成机制等研究提供了实验基础.     

高性能环氧树脂涂料的研制

以甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯及苯乙烯的聚合为接枝体，在过氧化苯甲酰作用下对E-51环氧树脂进行接枝改性，同时对三乙烯四胺进行曼尼希改性，制得多种改性固化剂，并用其与改性的环氧树脂配制成涂料，实验结果表明，当苯酚、甲醛和三乙烯四胺的物质的量比为3：3：1时固化剂的固化性能最好。     

环氧树脂的改性研究进展

概述了近年来利用互穿网络法、液晶增韧法、纳米粒子增韧等改性环氧树脂的新方法。     

Transitions of saturated monoacid triglycerides: Modeling conformational change at glycerol during α→β′→β transformation

The glycerol region geometry of modeled saturated monoacid triglycerides was altered by bond rotations and minor angle distortions to convert theoretical α-forms into bent β′- and β-forms. Direct α to β conversion involves lateral disruption of fatty chain packing to generate side-chain character typical of the β-form. Such disruption, which could contribute to fat bloom, allows additional molecular movement and shifts in molecular mechanics energy (MME) that may approximate thermal changes observed by differential scanning calorimetry during α to β transformations. Energy calculations at 100 points throughout each transformation identified plausible conversion routes. A two-stage conversion, α to either of two stereospecific β′-forms bent at glycerol followed by subsequent conversion to β, showed less chain movement and more favorable MME than direct α to β conversion. The preferred path, based on energy profiles of each conversion, involves a β′-D form and rotation of carbonyl to α-carbon bonds in chain #2 and a side chain (chain #3).     

基于等幅周期荷载下软岩Bingham本构模型的研究

为建立一种描述等幅周期荷载下软岩应变特性的本构模型,将Bingham模型中的常值黏壶元件替换成与循环次数相关的变系数黏壶元件,常值弹性元件替换为随周期荷载循环次数的增大而衰减的非定值弹性元件,即可得到反映周期荷载下软岩各种应变规律的Bingham本构模型。当循环荷载应力上限值σmax大于岩石的临界强度σs时,模型为可反映软岩3个应变阶段的改进4参数Bingam模型;反之则为反映软岩前两个应变阶段的非常值2参数Hook模型。将周期荷载分解为一个定值荷载和一个平均应力值为零的周期荷载,基于流变力学理论给出了定值荷载作用下基于该模型的本构方程式,再根据黏弹性力学理论,给出了平均应力值为零的周期荷载下基于该模型的本构方程式,最后将已获得的本构方程式叠加即得到周期荷载下软岩本构方程式。结果表明:所建立的本构方程式可较好描述周期荷载下不同软岩各类应变特征,对各类软岩的应变曲线拟合的相关系数均在0.868以上,且同一种岩石模型中弹性元件系数初始值随周期荷载的动应力幅值的增大而减小,岩石加速应变速率参数随动应力幅值的增大而增大。     

MAH接枝EPDM增韧PA66的研究

研究了MAH(马来酸酐)接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM—g-MAH)对尼龙66(PA66)的增韧作用。利用SEM(扫描电镜)观察了共混体系的微观形貌(形态结构)，并运用小角激光散射(SALS)方法研究了EPDM的加入对PA66结晶性能的影响。结果表明，未接枝的EPDM与PA66的相容性很差，而EPDM—g—MAH与PA66相容性明显增加，EPDM-g—MAH粒子均匀分散在PA66中，共混体系力学性能有很大提高。随着EPDM—g—MAH用量的增加，PA66球晶尺寸变小，共混体系界面结合更加紧密。     

固相法氯化聚乙烯与聚氯乙烯共混物的形态与性能

研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)与固相法氯化聚乙烯(CPE)共混物的应力-应变行为和冲击强度对CPE用量和氯含量的依赖关系,考察了共混物形态与性能的关系。动态力学性能和透射电子显微镜的研究结果表明,PVC/CPE为部分相容体系,两相间存在着一定的相互作用,当CPE氯含量为36％～42％,用量为7～15份时,CPE在PVC/CPE共混物中形成比较完整的网络结构、共混物具有更好的抗冲击性能。Brabender流变仪研究表明,CPE能促进PVC的塑化,共混物的加工性优于纯PVC。     

聚合物材料脆韧转变判据及影响因素分析

综述了聚合物共混增韧机理包括弹性体增韧、刚性粒子增韧、弹性体与刚性粒子协同增韧等研究进展；着重介绍了临界基体层厚度、损伤竞争准数、分子链参数、临界界面黏结条件、临界特征长度等几种源于单一粒子填充的脆韧转变判据，并分析其在复合粒子填充改性聚合物中的适用性。此外，还结合增韧机理和脆韧转变判据讨论了基体性能、分散相状态及相间界面黏结强度等因素对复合体系韧性的影响，提出寻找合适的复合分散相、适当调整复合粒子的结构比例、改善相间界面黏结以及设计最佳断裂路径仍将是今后努力的方向。     

Effect of test frequency and water content on localized crack-tip heating in nylon-6,6

Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) tests were conducted at various frequencies on nylon-6,6 specimens equilibrated over a range of moisture levels to determine the crack growth rates and the crack-tip temperatures as a function of water content. Frequency-sensitivity was correlated with the amount of crack-tip heating taking place, with crack-tip temperature being found to depend strongly on the estimated loss compliance, D″, of the material. The frequency-sensitivity of FCP in nylon was seen also to be affected by mean stress, suggesting that creep processes are often significant in FCP of nylon.