我国聚丙烯增韧改性研究进展

综述了目前广泛采用的聚丙烯增韧改性方法，包括共聚，接枝，交联，茂金属作聚合催化剂与共混改性，无机刚性粒子改性，成核改性等。介绍了几种增韧方法的增韧机理，并比较各方法优缺点。提出茂金属聚丙烯，纳米无机粒子增韧和β晶型成核剂改性是今后聚丙烯增韧改性的发展重点。     

mPE-g-MAH对HDPE/木粉复合材料的改性

采用废木粉填充高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）制备木塑复合材料。采用马来酸酐接枝茂金属聚乙烯（mPE—g-MAH）对复合材料进行增容和增韧，并阐述了它的增容和增韧机理。讨论了mPE—g—MAH用量对复合材料的力学性能如拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量的影响。结果表明，mPE—g—MAH不仅可明显提高复合材料的强度和韧性，而且也使材料的弯曲模量有了一定的提高。当其质量分数为16％时，复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度分别由原来的16．2MPa和4．5kJ／m^2提高到30．5MPa和9．8kJ／m^2。     

低温超韧聚苯乙烯的配方研究

以高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)为基体树脂,采用双螺杆挤出机研究了不同抗冲击改性剂类苯乙烯弹性体、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)高胶粉、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、丁苯弹性体、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯弹性体(SBS)和苯乙烯-乙烯／丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)对HIPS的增韧效果。结果表明,SBS和SEBS对HIPS具有最好的增韧效果,当SBS含量达到40.0份时,能使HIPS体系的常温简支梁缺口冲击强度达到42.1kJ／m~2,-40℃低温冲击强度可达25.3kJ／m~2,具有优异的低温韧性和优良的综合性能。     

残余应力对TiC_p－AIN复合材料的影响

本工作采用热压工艺，以Ｙ＿２Ｏ＿３为烧结添加剂，在１８５０℃下制备ＴｉＣ＿ｐ－ＡＩＮ复合材料。结果表明：复合材料的密度、抗折强度、断裂韧性受第二相ＴｉＣ＿ｐ的影响，通过合理工艺因素选择，可以使复合材料的抗折强度和断裂韧性比基体ＡＩＮ材料分别提高４０％，８０％，达到４３８ＭＰａ，５．５９ＭＰａ·ｍ￣（１／２）。由ＸＲＤ内应力分析和ＴＥＭ显微结构测试结果可知，复合材料性能改善原因在于高弹性用量的ＴｉＣ引入以及ＡＩＮ和ＴｉＣ热膨胀系数不匹配导致的残余内应力。     

垂直筛板塔流体力学与传质研究状况

对我国在新型垂直筛板塔的流体力学性能 ,诸如塔板干板压降与湿板压降、板孔漏液、塔板过量雾沫夹带、板上帽罩单元的液体提升能力与液体循环程度的研究及其传质性能 ,诸如塔板传质效率模型、塔板空间气相中液体大小与分布、板间空间立体传质作用的研究等进行了综合 ,并予以分析论述 ,从中看出我国对新型垂直筛板塔已进行了较全面深入的研究工作 ,并取得了新进展。     

纳米粒子增韧聚氯乙烯研究新进展

本文主要综述了纳米粒子在聚氯乙烯增韧改性中的应用研究状况.现有的结果表明,纳米复合技术在聚氯乙烯增韧改性中具有同时提高材料韧性和强度的特点.因此,纳米复合技术将成为聚氯乙烯增韧改性的一种重要方法,并得到广泛应用.     

玻璃纤维的形态对氯氧镁水泥增韧效果的影响

本文对短切、连续布置的玻璃纤维对氯氧镁水泥抗弯强度、抗冲击强度、韧性指数的影响进行了研究.结果表明:短切纤维增强氯氧镁水泥基体的增韧效果比连续纤维更好.     

聚硅氧烷改性环氧树脂的研究进展

综述了制备聚有机硅氧烷改性环氧树脂的4种途径：含羟基或烷氧基的聚硅氧烷与环氧树脂的反应、含氨基的聚硅氧烷与环氧树脂的反应、含硅氢基的聚硅氧烷与环氧树脂的反应、含杂原子的聚硅氧烷与环氧树脂的反应,并讨论了聚有机硅氧烷改性环氧树脂对环氧树脂的相结构、机械性能和热稳定性的影响.     

Shear rates investigation in a scraped surface heat exchanger

The electrodiffusion technique was performed in order to investigate the shear rate on a scraped surface heat exchanger. Microelectrodes were placed inside: the walls of the outer cylinder; the inlet and outlet bowls; the rotor and the blades. Highly viscous Newtonian fluid (Emkarox HV45 solutions) and non-Newtonian model fluid (aqueous solutions of CMC) were used. The electrodiffusion method allowed us to measure wall shear rates. Maximum shear rate was observed at the scraping surface and caused by blades scraping, high shear rate was also measured on the leading edge of the blades. In the other parts of the exchanger, shear rate remained low but the development of Taylor vortices completely modified the scraped surface heat exchangers behaviour inside the surface of the bowls. A dimensionless representation of the friction factor was established for the inner and outer wall surface of the exchanger.     

Application of statistical mechanics to the analysis of various physical properties of elastomeric networks — a review

This paper examines the application of the statistical mechanics to the analysis of various physical properties of the elastomeric networks. The equilibrium properties of rubber-like networks are discussed, and also some dynamic properties, such as the relaxation spectrum of Gaussian networks. The paper covers a large spectrum of properties of polymer networks such as: fluctuations and chain dimensions in unimodal and bimodal network, effects of entanglements and constraints on the elastic properties of the network, segmental orientation, liquid-crystalline networks, small angle neutron scattering from networks, strain birefringence, elastic properties of filled networks, strain induced crystallization etc. The paper shows that the statistical mechanics can be successfully used to the analysis of almost all physical properties of rubber-like networks.