Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Array for Skin-Surface Electrocardiogram Mapping Above a Human Heart

Electrocardiogram (ECG) mapping can provide vital information in sports training and cardiac disease diagnosis. However, most electronic devices for monitoring ECG signals need to use multiple long wires, which limit their wearability and conformability in practical applications, while wearable ECG mapping based on integrated sensor arrays has been rarely reported. Herein, ultra-flexible organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) arrays used for wearable ECG mapping on the skin surface above a human heart are presented. QRS complexes of ECG signals at different recording distances and directions relative to the heart are obtained. Furthermore, the ECG signals are successfully analyzed by the devices before and after exercise, indicating potential applications in some sports training and fitness scenarios. The OECT arrays that can conveniently monitor spacial ECG signals in the heart region may find niche applications in wearable electronics and healthcare products in the future.     

量子器件与量子信息技术

从信息社会的发展分析提出了量子器件及量子信息技术产生和发展的必然性,介绍了谐振隧穿器件、单电子器件、电子波导晶体管等纳米电子器件及其特点,对量子激光器和量子信息技术及其性能作了简要介绍,并给出了应用前景.     

浮栅技术及其应用

介绍了浮栅技术的基本原理及应用情况。井对2种应用了浮栅技术的典型器件-浮栅MOS晶体管和神MOS晶体管做了详细介绍，分析了他们的基本结构和工作原理，以及建立浮栅MOS晶体管的等效模型，并说明了他们的应用情况及存在的不足。     

低温、小电流、高增益硅双极晶体管的研究与设计

介绍了一种用于低温、小注入电流条件下工作的新型多晶硅发射区双极晶体管,并给出了晶体管电流增益的低温模型。该模型考虑了低温下多子和少子的冻析效应、禁带变窄效应、Auger复合、多晶硅发射效率增强效应等。在此基础上,通过用SUPREM-Ⅲ和PISCES-Ⅱ进行了工艺模拟和器件模拟,最后完成了实际版图制作和工艺流水。对管子的测试表明,该晶体管具有极好的小电流特性,在0.5μA的注入电流下其共射电流放大倍数可高达1000,在低温(77K)下其β仍可达70左右,能够正常工作。     

Effect of epitaxial realignment on the leakage behavior of arsenic-implanted,as-deposited polycrystalline Si-on-single crystal Si diodes

When dopants are indiffused from a heavily implanted polycrystalline silicon film deposited on a silicon substrate, high thermal budget annealing can cause the interfacial “native” oxide at the polycrystalline silicon-single crystal silicon interface to break up into oxide clusters, causing epitaxial realignment of the polycrystalline silicon layer with respect to the silicon substrate. Anomalous transient enhanced diffusion occurs during epitaxial realignment and this has adverse effects on the leakage characteristics of the shallow junctions formed in the silicon substrate using this technique. The degradation in the leakage current is mainly due to increased generation-recombination in the depletion region because of defect injection from the interface.     

薄有源层非晶硅薄膜晶体管特性的研究

本文研究了薄ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ有源层结构的ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ ＴＦＴ的特性，实验结果表明，当ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ层的厚度小于一个临界值时，ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ厚度的变化对ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ ＴＦＴ静态特性的影响明显增大，本文中详细分析了有源层背面空间电荷层对ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ ＴＦＴ特性的影响，从表面有效空间电荷层的概念出发，从理论上分析了有源层厚度与阈值电压的关系，计算的临界有源层厚度为１３０ｎｍ，这与实验结果基本一致。     

Hydrogen-bonded diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) pigments as organic semiconductors

Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have recently gained attention as building-blocks for organic semiconducting polymers and small molecules, however the semiconducting properties of their hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) pigment forms have not been explored. Herein we report on the performance of three archetypical H-bonded DPP pigments, which show ambipolar carrier mobilities in the range 0.01–0.06 cm²/V s in organic field-effect transistors. Their semiconducting properties are correlated with crystal structure, where an H-bonded crystal lattice supports close and relatively cofacial π–π stacking. To better understand transport in these systems, density functional theory calculations were carried out, indicating theoretical maximum ambipolar mobility values of ∼0.3 cm²/V s. Based on these experimental and theoretical results, H-bonded DPPs represent a viable alternative to more established DPP-containing polymers and small molecules where H-bonding is blocked by N-alkylation.     

On the Relation between Morphology and FET Mobility of Poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s at the Polymer/SiO2 and Polymer/Air Interface

The influence of the interface of the dielectric SiO₂ on the performance of bottom‐contact, bottom‐gate poly(3‐alkylthiophene) (P3AT) field‐effect transistors (FETs) is investigated. In particular, the operation of transistors where the active polythiophene layer is directly spin‐coated from chlorobenzene (CB) onto the bare SiO₂ dielectric is compared to those where the active layer is first spin‐coated then laminated via a wet transfer process such that the film/air interface of this film contacts the SiO₂ surface. While an apparent alkyl side‐chain length dependent mobility is observed for films directly spin‐coated onto the SiO₂ dielectric (with mobilities of ≈10^?3 cm² V^?1 s^?1 or less) for laminated films mobilities of 0.14 ± 0.03 cm² V^?1 s^?1 independent of alkyl chain length are recorded. Surface‐sensitive near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy measurements indicate a strong out‐of‐plane orientation of the polymer backbone at the original air/film interface while much lower average tilt angles of the polymer backbone are observed at the SiO₂/film interface. A comparison with NEXAFS on crystalline P3AT nanofibers, as well as molecular mechanics and electronic structure calculations on ideal P3AT crystals suggest a close to crystalline polymer organization at the P3AT/air interface of films from CB. These results emphasize the negative influence of wrongly oriented polymer on charge carrier mobility and highlight the potential of the polymer/air interface in achieving excellent “out‐of‐plane” orientation and high FET mobilities.     

Ortho‐ vs Bay‐Functionalization: A Comparative Study on Tetracyano‐Terrylenediimides

In this paper n‐type semiconductors synthesized via selective fourfold cyanation of the ortho‐ and bay‐positions (2,5,10,13‐ and 1,6,9,14‐positions respectively) of teyrrylenediimides are reported. A detailed study about the impact of the diverse functionalization topologies on the optoelectronic properties, self‐organization from solution, solid‐state packing, and charge carrier transport in field‐effect transistors is presented. The ortho‐substitution preserves the planarity of the core and favors high order in solution processed films. However, the strong intermolecular interactions lead to a microstructure with large aggregates and pronounced grain boundaries which lower the charge carrier transport in transistors. In contrast, the well‐soluble bay‐functionalized terrylenediimide forms only disordered films which surprisingly result in n‐type average mobilities of 0.17 cm²/Vs after drop‐casting with similar values in air. Processing by solvent vapor diffusion enhances the transport to 0.65 cm²/Vs by slight improvement of the order and surface arrangement of the molecules. This mobility is comparable to highest n‐type conductivities measured for solution processed PDI derivatives demonstrating the high potential of TDI‐based semiconductors.