Problem identification and construction: What do we know, what is the future?

Many cognitive process theories of creativity include an initial process of problem identification, definition, and construction. Previous research suggests that problem identification and construction is related to creativity, and that creative individuals and experts tend to engage in problem identification and construction. Finally, previous research suggests that inducing active engagement in problem identification and construction, through instructions or training, facilitates creativity. The authors offer views regarding important future direction for researchers in this area. Specifically, issues regarding methodology, the relationship between personality and values and how problems are constructed, and problem identification and construction in teams are suggested as important avenues for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

底部加热的复合多孔介质热-流耦合场非线性特性

针对非线性流动传热受底部加热模型骨架的影响及分叉、震荡点的非线性解析解难求的问题,采用数值模拟及实验的方法对底部加热的复合多孔介质热流耦合传热过程进行数值求解和温度测试。构建底部加热的复合多孔介质热-流耦合传热的三维模型;采用SIMPLE算法对控制方程组进行QUICK格式离散求解,并在底部加热实验台上对测点进行温度采集。在小Ra工况下,揭示了复合多孔介质内存在热流分布分层特性及确定了非线性分叉、震荡解的特征值。数值结果表明:热流场分布对初始场依赖敏感,低Ra情况下三维腔体内热流场表现出稳定的二维性质;与单层多孔介质相比,复合多孔介质内存在热流分布分层的非线性特性;非线性分叉、震荡点对应的临界Ra依赖复合多孔介质骨架高度比,高度比越大(强导热、高阻力多孔介质区所占高度越大),静态分叉及震荡所对应的临界Ra越小,越早表现出分叉、震荡等非线性特性;改变复合多孔介质内高度比可以重新优化热流场分布,实现削弱或强化传热。     

关于投资管理部门人员素质的探讨

针对投资管理部门人员素质进行了探讨，分别阐述了价值观念、思维模式、管理作风、知识水平等六方面内容，提出了投资管理部门选人和用人的原则，以期指导实践，保证企业投资行为合理有利。     

Similarity and assumed similarity in personality reports of well-acquainted persons.

The authors obtained self- and observer reports of personality from pairs of well-acquainted college students. Consistent with previous findings, results of Study 1 showed strong cross-source agreement for all 6 HEXACO personality factors (rs ≈ .55). In addition, the authors found modest levels of similarity (r ≈ .25) between dyad members' self-reports on each of 2 dimensions, Honesty-Humility and Openness to Experience. For these same 2 factors, dyad members' self-reports were correlated with their observer reports of the other dyad member (r ≈ .40), thus indicating moderately high assumed similarity. In Study 2, Honesty-Humility and Openness to Experience were the 2 personality factors most strongly associated with the 2 major dimensions of personal values, which also showed substantial assumed similarity. In Study 3, assumed similarity was considerably stronger for close friends than for nonfriend acquaintances. Results suggest that assumed similarity for Honesty-Humility and Openness to Experience reflects a tendency to overestimate one's similarity to persons with whom one has a close relationship, but only on those personality characteristics whose relevance to values gives them central importance to one's identity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Water,sanitation and hygiene and indigenous peoples: a review of the literature

The levels of sanitation and water services coverage as well as health attainment are low among indigenous peoples. This exclusion from basic service has not been sufficiently studied. The present review has analyzed 185 articles dealing with indigenous peoples and the water, sanitation and hygiene complex. The literature is dramatically skewed towards water resources, and overwhelmingly focused on conflicts, at the expense of basic sanitation and hygiene. More initiatives towards the acknowledgement of indigenous peoples’ world-views and institutions in all aspects of the water management cycle are needed. To this end, the development of effective intercultural dialogue mechanisms is crucial.     

Transport Characteristics and Policy Implications for Four Australian Cities

Abstract

The smaller capitals have larger levels of vehicular travel per head than the larger capitals and are more dependent on private transport, due mainly to greater non-work trip frequencies. Policy approaches are examined for reducing vehicular travel through increasing travel costs, changing land-use patterns and modifying people's values and attitudes to urban vehicular travel.     

智能化测色仪的研究

本文说明了应用彩色传感器的智能化测色仪的基本原理和构成，提出了用最小二乘法对彩色传感器的光谱响应特性进行拟合，使其与观察者在标准照明体下的光谱反应达到最佳，并利用多种数字信号处理技术克服误差和干扰，提高测试的准确度和稳定性。     

两种测色仪器的比较和评价

介绍了两类常用的色度仪器的工作原理和结构，并对其优缺点进行了比较和评价。     

关于模糊度的改进

在本文中,我们给出了模糊集的模糊度的度量公式。如果U离散时,如果U连续时,