基于文献计量和内容分析的装备体系贡献研究综述

为全面客观地展现装备体系贡献的研究现状,综合运用文献计量法与内容分析法,对发文趋势和重点期刊进行描述性统计。分析核心作者、机构及其合作网络,应用2维分析框架开展实验式内容解读,通过关键词聚类与突现词检测探究知识基础与前沿热点。研究结果表明：作者合作网络比较分散,机构合作网络相对集中,数据来源以仿真试验和示例假定为主,研究方法以定量模型居多,微观层面的应用研究是当前的主流视角,装备体系贡献的研究重点呈现出“作战能力—作战效能—贡献率—体系结构”的演化路径。     

非对称In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As量子阱的零场自旋分裂能与高场g因子

我们研究了非对称In_0.53Ga_0.47As/In_0.52Al_0.48As量子阱中二维电子气的磁输运性质,所测量的样品的径向磁阻Rxx的Shubinikov-de Haas振荡没有呈现出拍频的特征。通过测量样品的弱局域效应提取了其零场自旋分裂能并通过对自旋分裂的Rxx双峰间距随倾斜角度theta的依赖关系的拟合提取了高场下的有效g因子。样品的Dingle plot图呈现非线性和特征,这可以归因于来自样品衬底附近的掺杂Be原子的长程势散射效应。     

瞬变电磁测井原理研究Ⅳ:二维谱

在井条件下解Mexwell方程研究裸眼井的瞬变电磁测井低频响应及其二维谱,频率范围为1~30 Hz。低频段的响应主要受地层电导率影响;电磁波传播速度很低,传播过程不明显,满足电磁感应原理,其二维谱主要刻画电磁感应现象。二维谱的实部很大,虚部很小,对应的测井响应中与地层电导率参数无关的直接耦合信号幅度很大,反映地层电导率的响应幅度很小。将不同地层电阻率的响应波形相减得到的响应差与地层电阻率有关,电阻率越大,响应差的峰值越大;响应差的峰值偏离激发波形突变位置,接收线圈距离发射线圈越远,响应差的峰值偏离波形突变位置的时间越大。这些差别刻画了瞬变电磁测井的主要特征是由地层的电导率产生的。     

A socio-ecological analysis of hospital resilience to extreme weather events

Hospitals play a critical role in helping communities respond effectively to extreme weather events (EWEs). Despite predictions of more EWEs, little is known about the process by which hospital infrastructure resilience to such events can be built. Using Gunderson and Holling’s Adaptive Cycle, a new theoretical perspective based on socio-ecological resilience theory is provided to understand this process. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations of disaster drills and disaster planning meetings, as well as additional documentary analysis of past incident reports. The research findings were then refined and validated in a focus group meeting with respondents. The findings indicate that there are significant organizational barriers which prevent facilities managers improving the resilience of hospital facilities to future EWEs. It was found that the disaster planning process is ad hoc and non-inclusive, focused on man-made disasters and compliance driven, top-down approach, under-resourced and is driven by a general ignorance of the importance of resilient-built facilities to health care delivery during an EWE. It is concluded that to produce more resilient hospital infrastructure, there needs to be a more well-resourced, integrated and collaborative approach to disaster management planning which enables health facilities managers to play a more central role in disaster planning decisions. There also need to be better systems, technologies and training implemented to manage information about health infrastructure performance before, during and after EWEs.     

Exploring scenarios for the future of energy management in UK property

The most appropriate responses to the energy management of buildings from now until 2050 are investigated through a process of scenario planning. A qualitative, explorative approach was undertaken to develop four 2050 scenario end-states resulting from an axis of two critical uncertainties not closely correlated: the attitudes of society towards sustainability; and the availability of energy. These scenarios were applied to the property industry through expert workshops, from which trends and themes were identified. The findings are that the property industry should prepare for a transitional period with an uncertain outlook. Therefore, it would be prudent for this industry to focus on resilient performance under a diverse set of futures, and plausible shock events, rather than optimizing for today's conditions. This could be challenging in a sector that works on relatively long time scales. Aspects that should be incorporated into property industry strategy are suggested: responding to the potential effects of climate change; understanding what drives communities and investing in buildings that are significant to the community's functions; considering transport links as key to successful property investments; adopting the latest technological innovations; and becoming more ‘full service’ and interdisciplinary. A need for a paradigm shift in the industries' practices was also identified.

Les réponses les plus appropriées à la gestion énergétique des bâtiments d'ici 2050 sont étudiées en ayant recours à un processus de planification par scénarios. Une approche qualitative exploratrice a été adoptée afin de développer quatre conclusions de scénario pour 2050, résultant d'un axe formé par deux incertitudes cruciales qui ne sont pas étroitement corrélées: les attitudes de la société envers la durabilité et la disponibilité de l'énergie. Ces scénarios ont été appliqués à l'industrie de l'immobilier par l'intermédiaire d'ateliers d'experts, grâce auxquels des tendances et des thèmes ont été identifiés. Il en ressort que l'industrie de l'immobilier devrait se préparer à une période de transition offrant des perspectives incertaines. En conséquence, il serait prudent que cette industrie concentre ses efforts sur le maintien de solides performances face à différents avenirs possibles, et à des évènements chocs plausibles, plutôt que sur une optimisation par rapport aux conditions d'aujourd'hui. Ceci pourrait être difficile dans un secteur qui travaille sur des échelles de temps relativement longues. Il est suggéré des aspects qui devraient être intégrés à la stratégie de l'industrie de l'immobilier: répondre aux effets potentiels du changement climatique; comprendre ce qui constitue le moteur des collectivités et investir dans des bâtiments qui soient significatifs pour les fonctions de la collectivité; considérer les liaisons de transport comme essentielles pour des investissements immobiliers réussis; adopter les dernières innovations technologiques; et devenir davantage « un service complet » et interdisciplinaire. A également été identifiée la nécessité d'un changement de paradigme dans les pratiques des industries.

bâtiments, gestion énergétique, planification future, secteur de l'immobilier, résilience, scénarios, incertitude     

高密度电阻率法在园博塔选址勘察中的应用

以隧道与围岩的电性差异为前提,应用高密度电阻率法在第九届中国（北京）国际园林博览会选址区勘探。根据全站仪准确定位和温纳方式现场数据采集,再对数据进行处理和地形校正后,应用Res2dinv高密度电阻率数据二维反演软件完成反演,结合二维地电断面解释结果,定量计算确定了鹰山1号隧道平面分布特征和顶部高程,为拟建园博塔的设计和修建提供了相关的技术依据。     

Embedding social inclusiveness and appropriateness in engineering assessment of green infrastructure to enhance urban resilience

ABSTRACT

Urban resilience emerges not only from ‘what’ is done in relation to critical infrastructure systems, but in the ‘how’ of their conception, co-creation and integration into complex socio-ecological-technical systems. For green infrastructure, where ownership and agency may be distributed amongst organisations and diverse communities, inclusiveness and appropriateness require embedding in engineering assessments of green infrastructure and resilience. Through consideration of past, present and future engineering and resilience assessments – from monetising, through greening, to humanising – this paper examines the ways in which GI may be or has already contributed to enhancing urban resilience and types of assessment and indicators that have been or could be used. We suggest that enhancing visibility of the ‘whos’ (individuals, communities) is crucial to fully diversifying assessments. We also suggest some ideas for additional indicators and assert that co-production of future indicators needs to be undertaken with appropriate professionals (e.g. social impact assessment professionals).     

Making the implicit,explicit: time for renegotiating the urban water supply hydrosocial contract?

Today's modern cities' ‘big-pipes in, big-pipes out’ potable water supply approach does not offer society the resilience for adaptation to future climate challenges. One approach towards building resilience would involve cities adopting diverse, alternative water supplies; such as recycled wastewater, greywater and stormwater, within a fit-for-purpose philosophy, incorporating a mix of centralised and decentralised technologies. Globally, modern cities have limited on-ground experience with such complex approaches, despite ad-hoc policy rhetoric to the contrary and multiple technological options. Through considering the implicit and technocratic hydrosocial contract underpinning the current ‘big pipes’ approach, it appears the judgement and advice of ‘water experts’ is a significant determinant regarding opportunities for realising more resilient water supplies. Contrasting primary and secondary survey data from water experts and communities across Australian cities in relation to their receptivity to alternative water supplies; it is evident that community members are far more receptive than water experts expect. Thus, this difference in perception is potentially a significant barrier to realising a resilient approach. Path-dependant decision-making and practice is pervasive throughout the urban water field, and while the physical artefact of the traditional water supply system remains largely invisible and disconnected from communities, it is the implicit hydrosocial contract that keeps water experts disconnected from communities. Based on evidence presented in this paper, shifting the current hydrosocial contract to a more resilient approach is vulnerable to business as usual. Recommendations are offered for fundamentally reshaping this contract through deliberative processes that work towards enabling co-governance, co-design and co-management of this alternative and complex water supply approach into the future.     

Building urban resilience with nature-based solutions: How can urban planning contribute?

Cities face increasing environmental, social and economic challenges that together threaten the resilience of urban areas and the residents who live and work there. These challenges include chronic stresses and acute shocks, amplified by climate change impacts. Nature-based solutions have emerged as a concept for integrating ecosystem-based approaches to address a range of societal challenges. Nature-based solutions directly address and contribute to increased urban resilience. However, implementing nature-based solutions is inherently complex, given the range of ecosystem services, their multi-functionality and the trade-offs between functions, and across temporal and spatial scales. Urban planning can play a substantial role to support the implementation of nature-based solutions and to manage trade-offs and conflicts, as well as how social equity dimensions are considered. This paper presents a framework that guides the application of urban planning to nature-based solutions’ implementation, by addressing key trade-offs across temporal, spatial, functional and social equity aspects. The framework highlights the key questions, and the supporting information required to address these questions, to underpin the inclusion of nature-based solutions for urban resilience. We find that while urban planning can contribute substantially, there are continuing gaps in how the inherently anthropocentric urban planning processes can give voice to non-human nature.     

二维PSD器件在两平面(二维)平行度测量中的应用

介绍日本20世纪80年代的新产品二维PSD器件“光位敏器”(Position Sensitive Detec-tors)以及LD“半导体激光器”(Semiconductor Laser Detectors),对二维PSD的工作原理进行了分析,讨论了由二维PSD和LD组成的“光-位置传感器”在两平面(二维)平行度测量的可行性,并对由二维PSD-LD组成的“光-位置传感器”在其他领域的应用作了有意的探讨。