考虑应力场与渗流场耦合的尾矿坝非稳定渗流分析

根据尾矿坝形成的特点，进行考虑应力场与渗流场耦合的非稳定渗流分析。根据弹性力学和渗流理论提出了耦合问题的力学模型及其控制微分方程，然后导出这一问题的有限元计算公式及相应程序。在计算中首次导出了尾矿坝的渗透系数与应力场的关系式，并进行尾矿坝的非稳定渗流分析。工程实例计算结果表明，考虑耦合作用的影响，尾矿坝渗流场的总渗流量减小，而应力场的各应力分量的最大值增大。     

特征线法在南水北调工程输水系统数学模型中的应用

1概述 南水北调工程是解决我国北方地区缺水现状的一 项重要工程，也为天津城市安全供水提供了可靠保障. 天津段全部采用箱涵输水后，可以有效地保证输水水 质，提高输水效率，有助于南水北调的安全输水.但是， 由于天津段输水路线长，输水调节过程中调控系统、进 出口衔接方式     

MHD Mixed Convection and Mass Transfer Due to Unsteady Stretching Sheet

Heat and mass transfer in the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid along a vertical isothermal unsteady stretching sheet in the presence of heat generation and a transverse magnetic field is investigated. The governing equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and species concentration are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and solved numerically by using the Runge–Kutta fourth‐order method with shooting technique. The velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are discussed numerically and shown through graphs. The expressions of skin‐friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number at the sheet are discussed numerically and their variations are presented through tables. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 43(5): 447–458, 2014; Published online 3 October 2013 in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21088     

Performance evaluation of batch and unsteady state fed‐batch reactor operations for the production of a marine microbial surfactant

BACKGROUND: Biosurfactants are microbially derived surface‐active and amphipathic molecules produced by various microorganisms. These versatile biomolecules can find potential applications in food, cosmetics, petroleum recovery and biopharmaceutical industries. However, their commercial use is impeded by low yields and productivities in fermentation processes. Thus, an attempt was made to enhance product yield and process productivity by designing a fed‐batch mode reactor strategy. RESULTS: Biosurfactant (BS) production by a marine bacterium was performed in batch and fed‐batch modes of reactor operation in a 3.7 L fermenter. BS concentration of 4.61 ± 0.07 g L^?1 was achieved in batch mode after 22 h with minimum power input of 33.87 × 10³ W, resulting in maximum mixing efficiency. The volumetric oxygen flow rate (K_La) of the marine culture was about 0.08 s^?1. BS production was growth‐associated, as evident from fitting growth kinetics data into the Luedeking‐Piret model. An unsteady state fed batch (USFB) strategy was employed to enhance BS production. Glucose feeding was done at different flow rates ranging from 3.7 mL min^?1 (USFB‐I) to 10 mL min^?1 (USFB‐II). USFB‐I strategy resulted in a maximum biosurfactant yield of 6.2 g l^?1 with an increment of 35% of batch data. The kinetic parameters of USFB‐I were better than those from batch and USFB‐II. CONCLUSION: Comparative performance evaluation of batch and semi‐continuous reactor operations was accomplished. USFB‐I operation improved biosurfactant production by about 35% over batch mode. USFB‐I strategy was more kinetically favorable than batch and USFB‐II. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

高炉冷却壁非稳态传热热态实验分析

 冷却壁安全工作是保证高炉长寿的基础。通过设计并建造冷却壁热态实验炉,研究了高炉铸铁冷却壁热面无渣皮和有渣皮时的非稳态传热过程,考察了不同炉气温度条件下冷却壁热电偶温度的变化规律。回归得到了炉气在升温阶段、稳定阶段、降温阶段时冷却壁热电偶温度随时间的变化关系式。计算得出了冷却壁热面在有无渣皮条件下的平均热流强度,回归得出了炉气平均对流换热系数随炉温的变化关系。结果表明,冷却壁热面在有渣皮时热电偶温度的变化速率显著低于无渣皮时的变化速率,冷却壁破损的主要原因是冷却壁温度的反复变化和渣皮的频繁脱落而产生的热应力。     

考虑高速非达西效应的油水相对渗透率计算模型

油水相对渗透率是描述储层多孔介质油水渗流的重要参数,高产的高孔高渗油藏在近井地带可能会发生单相或两相的非达西渗流,以致于在常规条件下得出的相渗曲线并不能准确地表达该类油藏的渗流特征,导致产能评价及预测不合理。通过考虑高孔高渗储层多孔介质的油水渗流特征,建立了考虑高速非达西效应的高孔高渗油藏非稳态油水相对渗透率计算模型,进行了非稳态油水相对渗透率实验,计算了不同油相或水相非达西系数对油水相对渗透率曲线的影响,最后数模分析了高速非达西效应对高孔高渗油藏的影响。研究表明,水相对油水相对渗透率曲线的影响较为显著,非达西效应的影响在油水相渗曲线的两端更为明显。两相高速非达西效应虽然降低了油藏的总体产液量,但是抑制了产水,增加了产油量,与单相高速非达西效应相比,两相高速非达西效应对油田生产并不一定具有负面作用。     

大规模空气动力学数值模拟中的并行重叠网格装配技术

重叠网格方法因为其网格生成简单、局部网格质量高等优点,是模拟有相对运动的非定常问题的一种常用方法。重叠网格首先需要装配过程,即通过建立网格间的重叠关系、确定宿主及待插值单元,实现网格间的流场信息交换。本文针对大规模数值模拟中,网格分散存储在多个处理器上的情况,研究了分布式重叠网格装配方法。本文先提出分布式网格装配问题,再详细阐述适用于三维结构网格的分布式装配技术,最后利用标准的机翼挂载模型对算法进行了测试,结果表明该算法可以在保证较高并行性的同时,为非定常计算提供准确的流场插值信息。     

严寒地区村镇给水管道周围土壤温度场的数值模拟

开展埋地管道周围土壤温度场变化的研究,对于解决地处严寒地区的东北广大农村给水冬季经常发生给水管道冻胀现象具有重要意义.本文在建立浅理外加保温层给水管道与周围土壤非稳态传热,以及土壤自身导热的物理模型基础上,利用Matlab-PDE工具箱进行求解,分析浅埋保温给水管道运行情况及周围土壤温度场随时间变化情况.结果表明,这种浅埋外加保温层的给水管道防冻胀技术,可以基本解决给水管道在冬季运行时发生的冻胀现象.     

Power characteristics of unsteadily forward–reverse rotating impellers in an unbaffled aerated agitated vessel

Power characteristics of an unbaffled aerated agitated vessel with unsteadily forward‐reverse rotating impellers, ie a new type of gas–liquid agitator named ‘AJITER’, treating viscous Newtonian liquids were studied experimentally. Measurements were first made on the agitation torque, ie the torque on the drive shaft on which forward–reverse rotating impellers with four delta‐type blades were attached, and the data obtained were analyzed by fitting them to an equation consisting of two terms with respect to the resistance of the fluid, one due to viscous drag and the other due to added moment of inertia. The effects of operating conditions and physical properties of liquids on the drag and added moment of inertia coefficients were then evaluated, and empirical relationships which estimate values of these coefficients, useful to predict the unsteady behavior and magnitude of agitation torque, were presented. Furthermore, equations were developed for estimating the average and maximum power consumptions as a function of the drag and added moment of inertia coefficients. Prediction of respective power levels in AJITER by these equations was also discussed. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

明渠流水击现象基本理论探讨

从一维明渠非恒定流基本方程组出发,采用特征线法进行数值离散,探讨了明渠流水击现象的基本理论。以南水北调中线工程总干渠某段明渠为例,计算分析了设计流量和加大流量下进、出口节制闸同时关闭时的水位最大壅高值。指出:明渠流中亦存在水击现象,这种水击可划分为直接水击和间接水击,水击的出现类型与断面水力要素及渠长有关。