Computational cavitation flows at inception and light stages on an axial-flow pump blade and in a cage-guided control valve

Cavitation flows induced around an axial-flow pump blade and inside a high pressure cage-type valve are simu-lated by a two-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes analysis with the simplest treatment of bubble dynamics.Thefluid is assumed as a continuum of homogeneous dispersed mixture of water and vapor nuclei.The analysis isaimed to capture transient stages with high amplitude pressure change during the birth and collapse of the bubbleespecially at the stage of cavitation inception.By the pump blade analysis,in which the field pressure is moderate,cavitation number of the inception and locations of developed cavitation are found to agree with experimental re-suits in a wide flow range between high incidence and negative incidence.In the valve flow analysis,in which thewater pressure of 5MPa is reduced to 2MPa,pressure change responding to the bubble collapse between the vaporpressure lower than 1 KPa and the extreme pressure of higher than 10~4 KPa is captured through a stable computa-tion.Location of the inception bubble and pressure force to the valve plug is found agree well with the respectiveexperimental features.     

节能建筑保温设计数值微分模型

建立围护结构内部热传导的微分方程,运用有限差分法利用计算机求解,得到不同保温层厚度下与室内热量交换情况。结合保温层建造费用与室内制冷和保暖费用,求得保温层的最佳厚度。热工测试表明模型设计值与实测值吻合较好,这一算法为节能建筑设计提供科学参考。     

不同质材料非恒定流整体变态模型律及设计实例

同一水电站或抽水蓄能电站输水系统水力模型中,可采用不同的材料制作模型,它既可解决电站水头较高时,对模型材料的强度要求,也可解决直接观察流态的要求,所推求的物理量的模型比尺,可适用于一般电站的模型设计,对水电站水力过渡过程的模型试验具有普遍的指导意义。     

梅花形十字板加糙的原理及实践

：梅花形十字板加糙具有形体小、阻力大、进入阻力平方区雷诺数小、适应水流方向变化等优点,完美地解决了大变态非恒定流河工模型的加糙问题,其在淮河防洪模型中的应用取得了满意的成果。     

云南某水电站水库泥沙淤积数值模拟研究

水库泥沙淤积引起库区水位抬高,侵占调节库容,造成库容损失,且有害粒径对水轮机造成磨损,从而引起水轮机运行效率下降、出力和年发电量减小、检修间隔缩短和费用增大。以云南某水电站水库为例,利用非恒定一维模型对库区泥沙淤积形态、泥沙冲淤、过机含沙量等变化进行数值模拟。结果表明:水库泥沙淤积形态为三角洲淤积,泥沙淤积对调节库容的影响较大;通过水轮机水流的含沙量较小、粒径较细,泥沙对水轮机的影响较小;泥沙淤积数值模拟与实测资料相符,因此采用非恒定一维模型进行泥沙淤积数值模拟是可行的,可有效地解决云南地区泥沙淤积数值模拟的难题。     

一维非恒定水动力学模型的实时洪水预报

本文建立了一维非恒定水动力学模型与最小二乘法耦合的实时洪水预报模型。运用最小二乘的递推算法,引入时变遗忘因子实时跟踪模型中时变参数的变化,并动态修正参数,实时改变一维非恒定水动力学模型结构,对洪水预报进行实时修正。通过长江干流宜昌～螺山段洪水实时预报应用．改进后模型预报精度比原一维非恒定水动力学模型计算结果有很大提高,表明所建立的模型用于洪水预报是行之有效的,在洪水预报中具有推广应用价值。     

Gate Regulation Speed and Transition Process of Unsteady Flow in Channel

The operation methods of channel and the speed of gate regulation have great influence on the transformation of flow in water conveyance channels. Based on characteristics method, a 1-D unsteady flow numerical model for gate regulation was established in this study. The process of water flow was simulated under different boundary conditions. The influence of gate regulation speed and channel operation methods on flow transition process was analyzed. The numerical results show that under the same conditions, with increasing regulation speed of the gate, the change rates of discharge and water level increase, while the response time of channel becomes shorter, and ultimately the discharge and water level will transit to the same equilibrium states. Moreover, the flow is easier to reach stable state, if the water level in front of the sluice is kept constant, instead of,behind the sluice. This study will be important to the scheme design of automatic operation control in water conveyance channels.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF LEVEE BREACH FLOWS UNDER COMPLEX BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Levee or dam failure can cause a significant disaster in most cases. A good prediction of the flood process especially in a real complex terrain is necessary for working out emergency plans for levee or dam breaches. Numerical simulations of levee or dam breach flow were carried out often with constant flow parameters and in relatively simple channels rather than in natural rivers with complex boundaries. This article presents our dedicated studies on the 2-D numerical model of levee or dam breach hydraulics with finite difference schemes. The good performance of the model is demonstrated by comparisons with the theoretical solution of an idealized dam-break flow over a frictionless flat rectangular channel. The model is also validated through its stability and conservation properties. The model is applied to simulate the flood propagation under complex boundary conditions, and the unsteady flood process in a river and in the dry floodplain with a complex bed terrain simultaneously. Furthermore, with respect to engineering practice, the numerical solutions can give special guidance to the effects of parameters such as the flood depth at different sites and the inundated area at different time periods after the levee breach and the travel time of the flood waves, which may be very important for practicing engineers in an efficient flood management.     

南水北调中线自流式加压泵站泵后负压分析

采用了AFT impulse3．0构建了南水北调中线上惠南庄泵站的管网模型，并对泵站过渡过程进行详细计算和分析后，发现对于大流量的管线按照自流形式布置的泵站，泵站掉电过程中并未产生正压水锤，泵后水流流速大，掉电后容易在泵后形成比较大的负压，且在备用泵后的盲管端更易产生较大的负压，采用空气阀对泵后负压的控制比较有限，有效的方法是加大泵的转动惯量。     

典型非稳态水跃现象的数值研究

采用VOF模型跟踪自由表面的变化,数值模拟了典型水跃湍流由静止到最终稳定的全过程。本文给出了水跃现象在不同时刻自由表面的变化情况,主要对水跃过程中自由表面的形状、内部流场结构、速度矢量场及压力场分布进行了分析。结果表明,VOF模型能够有效地描述水跃这类复杂自由表面流道的湍流特性,具有可行性与实用性。