移动式容器中液体的晃动及其影响因素的研究

保证移动式压力容器的运行安全具有特殊重要性。结合典型移动式压力容器———罐式集装箱,数值模拟了罐体内液体的晃动过程,重点考察了冲击力、压强、雷诺数等物理量的变化。结果发现,晃动所产生的最大压强远大于初始最大静压强,晃动过程中流场湍动剧烈;加速度越大,充装率越大,容积越小,最大冲击力出现的时刻越早;当罐内充装一半液体,即充装率为0.5时,晃动最剧烈;在数值模拟基础上,以加速度、充装率、介质密度和罐体容积等变量为参数,拟合出液体晃动对罐体封头的最大冲击力计算公式,精度超过95%;对于湍流状态的晃动,黏度对最大冲击力的影响很小。     

核料位开关在密闭容器物位测量中的应用

针对物位计普遍存在着灰尘对波的漫反射而导致误判断这一突出问题,在研究了仪表的构成与工作原理基础上,利用γ射线穿透的方法设计了测量密闭容器物位测量方案。该设计方案在物位测量领域有着较大的应用前景。     

不锈钢细口圆桶容器内壁抛磨装置

针对化工、制药、食品等行业中所用不锈钢容器表面质量不好、产品易污染的问题,设计并研制了简易、轻巧的小口径不锈钢圆桶容器内壁抛磨装置。经该装置抛磨后,可去除小桶内壁表面氧化层、降低表面粗糙度值,解决了传统工艺中的技术难题,对提高产品质量具有现实意义。     

基于PLC控制的双蓄能器结构脉冲压力试验系统设计

针对热水器容器脉冲压力检测的需求,提出基于PLC控制的双蓄能器结构脉冲压力检测系统。对检测系统原理、结构和软硬件设计进行详细阐述的同时,给出了相应的检测流程。系统具有能耗低、可靠性高,检测结果一致性好、准确度高的特点。     

热轧免喷砂集装箱用钢的研究与开发

免喷砂集装箱用钢在经济性及环保性方面的优势使其具有非常大的发展前景。通过分析集装箱对钢板表面质量的要求确定了目标氧化铁皮结构,据此确定免喷砂集装箱用钢的试制工艺并进行试制。试制钢的检验结果表明,其氧化铁皮的结构基本达到预期目标,氧化铁皮完整性及涂漆后的附着力良好,但涂漆后的耐盐雾能力与理想指标仍有差距,需后期进行改进。     

中放废液罐车运输系统分析与改进

中放废液罐车为货包式装置,具有对废液接收、转运和暂存的功能。装置配备有真空、压空系统,液位测量、泄漏报警系统,气体净化系统,搅拌系统以及自控系统等,通过真空抽吸方式实现中放废液的装卸。本工作通过对系统方案分析发现其存在的不足,对接口系统、装卸料和冲洗系统及牵引系统进行了改进,并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,改进后的运输系统能更好地满足中国原子能科学研究院的实际需求。     

Applying Axiomatic Design to Improve Thermoforming Multilayered Plastic Container

Food can be preserved for long periods in containers made of thermoformed multilayered plastic. However, nonsystematic techniques based on field experience and knowledge must be used to design and produce multilayered plastic products, and problems are typically resolved by trial-and-error rather than cause analysis. Therefore, we evaluated and analyzed existing manufacturing techniques and developed a new process by adapting axiomatic design to the design and development of thermoformed multilayered plastic product (container). The feasibility of our new process was validated through case studies that examined the stacking and shrinkage properties of the resulting plastic products.     

岸边集装箱起重机小车移位现象的分析及改进

岸桥处于非工作状态下,前大梁通过俯仰机构绕铰点俯仰至45°的锚定位置或80°的维修位置,并采用安全钩将大梁锁住。为方便司机及维修人员上下小车方便,小车处于停机位,而且要确保小车司机室平台与整机眺水平台连通。但是,牵引式小车由于小车缠绕和托架小车缠绕在大梁仰起前后钢丝绳长度有变化,导致小车实际停机位与其理论位置有错位,从而影响人员的通过性。文中通过理论分析其原因,不但从缠绕设计本身进行改进,还结合液压和电气系统进行辅助控制,提出了改进措施,具有实际应用价值。     

废模塑餐具再生纸浆技术的研究

对废模塑餐具再生纸浆进行了研究。结果表明,最佳的碎浆工艺条件为:预处理温度95℃;预处理时间60min(P型碎解剂)或90min(H型碎解剂);碎浆浓度16%;碎解时间30min;初始pH值为11±05;P型碎解剂用量为15%或H型碎解剂用量为30%。碎解剂的应用可有效降低筛渣率和缩短碎浆时间。再生浆料的纤维长度及物理性能与原浆相近。     

Design, fabrication, and testing of a returnable, insulated, nitrogen-refrigerated shipping container for distribution of fresh red meat under controlled CO2 atmosphere

In today's market, fresh red meat is cut and packaged at both the wholesale and retail level. Greater economies could result if the wholesaler prepared all consumer cuts centrally, but the short storage life of meat limits distribution. Use of CO₂-controlled atmosphere, master packaging, and strict temperature control (−1.5±0.5°C) can enhance storage life and, therefore, distribution ease. An insulated shipping and storage container was designed and tested for its suitability to distribute master-packaged meat. Shelves in the container supported 36 master trays (508 × 381 × 60 mm), with the source of refrigeration being injected liquid nitrogen (N₂). Electric fans dispersed the N₂ gas throughout the container. To reduce costs, 36 saline water bags (10% w/v NaCl) were used to thermally simulate the meat. Temperatures of 20 bags were recorded during storage experiments. The container was tested at outside temperatures of 15, 0 and −15°C with 4 internal fans and at 30°C with 2, 4 and 6 fans. In all instances, bags cooled from 10°C to an equilibrium temperature of −1.5°C within 5.5 h. Minimum equilibrium temperatures during any 8 h trial were −2.6, −2.0 and −2.0°C for 2, 4 and 6 fans, respectively. Correspondingly, maximum temperatures were −0.2, −0.7 and −0.3°C. Initial chilling of the product required, on average, 19 kg of N₂, while equilibrium was maintained at a N₂ consumption rate of 5.5, 4.0, 2.6 and 0.93 kg/h at outside temperatures of 30, 15 0 and −15°C, respectively, with 4 fans. The N₂ use for 2 and 6 fans was 5 and 6.3 kg/h, respectively, at an outside temperature of 30°C. During simulated power failure or when the N₂-tank ‘ran dry', temperatures in the container rose 0.9 and 2.0°C/h, respectively. When the door to the container was opened long enough to remove three trays, temperature was restored within 5 min. Convective heat transfer coefficients between saline water bags and circulating N₂ were in the range of 80–100, 115–135, and 140–155 W/(m²·K) for 2, 4 and 6 fans, respectively. Heat transfer to meat will be limited by conduction in master packaged meat if similar convection coefficients prevail.